Surface characteristics of untreated and microwave-assisted dilute lye (MAL) treated rice straw have been investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Rice straw composition was investigated by lignocelluloses determination. FTIR showed MAL treatment could effectively remove lipophilic extractives from the rice straw surface and break hydrogen bonds in the rice straw, and it was proven that more cellulose was exposed by MAL-treated with SEM. The composition analysis result indicated that the content of cellulose is 46.8% and content of lignin is 8.3% in rice straw with high-fire-power microwave-assisted 1% dilute lye for 1 h, and saccharification rate is 86% with high-fire-power microwave-assisted 1% dilute lye for 2 h.
Nanoprecipitation has low efficiency in preparing starch nanoparticles, which is not conducive to large‐scale production. Solid‐state acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis combined with nanoprecipitation is used to simply and efficiently prepare starch nanoparticles. The effects of different hydrolysis times on the properties of the starch nanoparticles are explored, including the morphology, crystalline structural properties, and thermal properties. In addition, the loading and release behaviors of asarone from the starch nanoparticles are evaluated. Starch nanoparticles can be prepared by solid‐state acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis (12.5:1 starch/hydrochloric acid mass ratio, 3% hydrochloric acid, 80 °C and 12 h) combined with nanoprecipitation (water/ethanol volume ratio, 1:4) using 50 mg mL−1 starch solution, and the yield is 80–85%. The starch nanoparticles have a particle size of 200–300 nm. The combined solid‐state acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis and nanoprecipitation method can effectively prepare starch nanoparticles by increasing the starch solution concentration and reducing the amount of organic solvent compared to the requirements for traditional nanoprecipitation, which promotes the formation of starch nanoparticles.
Considering the importance of a microbial strain capable of increased cellulase production, a mutant strain UP4 of T richoderma viride was developed by ultraviolet (UV) and plasma mutation. The mutant produced a 21.0 IU/mL FPase which was 98.1% higher than that of the parent strain T richoderma viride ZY-1. In addition, the effect of ultraviolet and plasma mutagenesis was not merely simple superimposition of single ultraviolet mutation and single plasma mutation. Meanwhile, there appeared a capsule around some of the spores after the ultraviolet and plasma treatment, namely, the spore surface of the strain became fuzzy after ultraviolet or ultraviolet and plasma mutagenesis.
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