This research investigated the application of 915 MHz microwaves in pasteurizing prepackaged vegetables. A specially designed 915 MHz single-mode microwave-assisted pasteurization (MAP) system was used to process carrot cuboids in brine prepackaged in 8-oz polymer pouches. Gellan gel was formulated and selected as the model food to simulate the real foods processed by the MAP system; heating patterns and cold spots of the pouched samples were detected by a chemical-marker based computer vision method. Two MAP processes (F 90°C =3 min and F 90°C =10 min) targeting Clostridium botulinum type E spores were developed and compared with conventional hot water (HW) processes resulting in equivalent microbial safety. Compared with an equivalent HW process, MAP process greatly reduced the total processing time, reduced the cook values and improved quality uniformity of the products. Quality evaluation showed the impacts of MAP processing on each quality attribute of carrot products depended on the specific quality parameter selected.
Climbazole boosted retinoid activity both in the SE model, after a combined topic treatment with either retinol or retinyl propionate, and in vivo, in combination with a low level of retinol. Based upon the evidence presented here, we suggest that the topical skin application of climbazole in combination with retinoids could deliver skin ageing benefits more than a less robust retinoid alone.
Background Microbial fuel cell (MFC) convokes microorganism to convert biomass into electricity. However, most well-known electrogenic strains cannot directly use glucose to produce valuable products. Zymomonas mobilis, a promising bacterium for ethanol production, owns special Entner–Doudoroff pathway with less ATP and biomass produced and the low-energy coupling respiration, making Z. mobilis a potential exoelectrogen. Results A glucose-consuming MFC is constructed by inoculating Z. mobilis. The electricity with power density 2.0 mW/m2 is derived from the difference of oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) between anode and cathode chambers. Besides, two-type electricity generation is observed as glucose-independent process and glucose-dependent process. For the sake of enhancing MFC efficiency, extracellular and intracellular strategies are implemented. Biofilm removal and addition of c-type cytochrome benefit electricity performance and Tween 80 accelerates the electricity generation. Perturbation of cellular redox balance compromises the electricity output, indicating that redox homeostasis is the principal requirement to reach ideal voltage. Conclusion This study identifies potential feature of electricity activity for Z. mobilis and provides multiple strategies to enhance the electricity output. Therefore, additional electricity generation will benefit the techno-economic viability of the commercial bulk production for biochemicals or biofuels in an efficient and environmentally sustainable manner.
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