A prototype tool is described for electrochemical surface finishing of an anodic workpiece in strip form, such as the stainless steel print bands used in high speed printers. The tool consists of two units, an electropolishing unit for microf inishing of print bands, and a directional electroetching assembly to provide rounding of characters in the print band. The prototype tool is completely automated and has provisions for rinsing and drying of the mounted print band. Buffed and unbuffed print band samples were used for process development and feasibility testing of the tool. Results demonstrated that the described electrolytic process yields reproducible mirror-finished print band surfaces with desired leading and trailing edges of characters. The process is applicable either as a complement to traditional buffing to give a final microfinish to print bands, or it can replace the presently used buffing technique for character rounding and surface finishing.* Electrochemical Society Active Member. * * Electrochemical Society Fellow.
SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the clinical-pathologic process in rainbow trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and the immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in blood serum. Parameters were evaluated up to 45 days post infection (dpi) in fish intraperitoneally inoculated (IP) with 1X10 4 TCDI of IPNV, with minimal essential medium (MEM) and in the control group. Infected fish showed classical signs of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) disease since day 19 pi, reaching 70% of accumulated mortality, and the survivor fish showed emaciation and IgM blood serum levels which progressively increased up to its maximum peak at day 31 pi; the most significant histopathological changes were the increase in melanomacrophage centers in the kidney, pancreatic necrosis and catarrhal enteritis. Viral isolation was possible only in the infected fish starting at day 3 pi up to day 45 (P > 0.5). The results suggest that even though the fish infected with IPNV can develop a humoral immune response characterized by the increase in IgM levels, this is insufficient to develop protection because while IgM levels are increasing, so does the viral title accompanied by clinical signs and histopathological injuries that are typical of the disease.Palabras clave: IPNV, IgM, virus, respuesta inmune.
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