Adaptation is the most common and basic feature of living systems, which gives species or individuals a survival advantage. In particular, visual adaptation can enable organisms with a clearer understanding of the real world, thereby avoiding potential harm, which is vital for the life activities of organisms. However, current adaptive devices based on logic circuits are still facing the great challenges for large-scale integration and limited bionic functions. Therefore, the hardware impleofmentation of biological visual adaptability through the emerging photoelectric devices may provide a great opportunity for the bionic systems facing complex environments. Here, a novel adaptive device based on a mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure is fabricated by using a gate-modulated 0D-CsPbBr 3-quantum-dots/2D-MoS 2 heterostructure. The device has superior electric adaptabilities and excellent optical absorption abilities owing to its special energy-band structure. The key characteristics of biological adaptation, such as accuracy, sensitivity, inactivation, and desensitization behaviors, are successfully emulated in the device based on the unique trapping-detrapping mechanism. Most importantly, with a photoelectric synergy approach, the fascinating visual adaptation function based on an environment-adjustable threshold is finally demonstrated. These results indicate that the proposed device may be very promising for the future applications of artificial visual systems and intelligent bionic robots.

Optoelectronic‐neuromorphic transistors are vital for next‐generation nanoscale brain‐like computational systems. However, the hardware implementation of optoelectronic‐neuromorphic devices, which are based on conventional transistor architecture, faces serious challenges with respect to the synchronous processing of photoelectric information. This is because mono‐semiconductor material cannot absorb adequate light to ensure efficient light–matter interactions. In this work, a novel neuromorphic‐photoelectric device of vertical van der Waals heterojunction phototransistors based on a colloidal 0D‐CsPbBr3‐quantum‐dots/2D‐MoS2 heterojunction channel is proposed using a polymer ion gel electrolyte as the gate dielectric. A highly efficient photocarrier transport interface is established by introducing colloidal perovskite quantum dots with excellent light absorption capabilities on the 2D‐layered MoS2 semiconductor with strong carrier transport abilities. The device exhibits not only high photoresponsivity but also fundamental synaptic characteristics, such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, dynamic temporal filter, and light‐tunable synaptic plasticity. More importantly, efficiency‐adjustable photoelectronic Pavlovian conditioning and photoelectronic hybrid neuronal coding behaviors can be successfully implemented using the optical and electrical synergy approach. The results suggest that the proposed device has potential for applications associated with next‐generation brain‐like photoelectronic human–computer interactions and cognitive systems.

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