CHLORAMINE treatment has been tried for sterilization of salt water swimming pools along the Atlantic seaboard to eliminate the complaints of patrons concerning the irritation of the throat and eyes by chlorine. These studies were started because of the uncertainty of the effectiveness of chlorine when using salt water with a pH of about 8.0. The following procedure was adopted as the most practical approach to the problem of swimming pool disinfection when the contamination occurs in the presence of the disinfectant.To a series of 250 ml. clear glass stoppered bottles containing 100 ml. of sea water at laboratory temperature was added a variable quantity of ammonium chloride and a measured quantity of chlorine water. After 3 hours of ammonia and chlorine treatment, 10 ml. of each sample was removed for a residual chlorine test.The residual sample in each bottle was then inoculated (contaminated) with exactly 2 ml. of cotton filtered raw sewage. After 2, 5, 15, and 30 minutes contact of the sewage with the treated sea water solution, 10 ml. was transferred with a sterile pipette to a sterile test tube containing a small crystal of
S ULF UR or sulfur compounds have found rather wide application in water and sewage treatment. One of the more recent uses has been as an aid in the prevention of corrosion in industrial water systems.A modern method of deoxygenation for corrosion prevention is the use of reducing agents to combine with the dissolved oxygen. The reaction between sodium sulfite, for example, and dissolved oxygen to form sodium sulfate is quite rapid at the temperatures found in boilers so it is extensively utilized in the deoxygenation of boiler feed water.Powell (1) reports the use of sodium sulfite as an aid in the prevention of corrosion in a nine-mile steel pipe line carrying water to the Grand Ecaille development of The Freeport Sulphur Company. This pipe line had suffered a large loss in capacity due to tuberculation. After the pipe line had been mechanically cleaned, 95 per cent of the dissolved oxygen present in the water was removed by vacuum deaeration and the remaining 5 per cent removed by reaction with sodium sulfite. Later examinations of the pipe line indicated that the deoxygenation had been very effective in arresting corrosion.Sulfur dioxide added as a compressed gas or generated by the use of a sulfur burner at the site has been suggested as a substitute for sodium sulfite as a reducing agent. Since the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate is quite slow at ordinary temperatures, the use of catalysts has been proposed. The results of an investigation of this subject are herein included.Many water purification plants have adopted super-chlorination,
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