The ability of laser cooling for relativistic ion beams is investigated. For this purpose, the excitation of relativistic ions with a continuous wave and a pulsed laser is analyzed, utilizing the optical Bloch equations. The laser cooling force is derived in detail and its scaling with the relativistic factor γ is discussed. The cooling processes with a continuous wave and a pulsed laser system are investigated. Optimized cooling scenarios and times are obtained in order to determine the required properties of the laser and the ion beam for the planed experiments. The impact of beam intensity effects, like intrabeam scattering and space charge are analyzed. Predictions from simplified models are compared to particle-in-cell simulations and are found to be in good agreement. Finally two realistic example cases of Carbon ions in the ESR and relativistic Titanium ions in SIS100 are compared in order to discuss prospects for future laser cooling experiments.
The $$^2{\mathrm{S}}_{1/2}{-}^2{\mathrm{P}}_{{1}/2}$$
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and $$^2{\mathrm{S}}_{1/2}{-}^2{\mathrm{P}}_{{3}/2}$$
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transitions in Li-like carbon ions stored and cooled at a velocity of $$\beta \approx 0.47$$
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in the experimental storage ring (ESR) at the GSI Helmholtz Centre in Darmstadt have been investigated in a laser spectroscopy experiment. Resonance wavelengths were obtained using a new continuous-wave UV laser system and a novel extreme UV (XUV) detection system to detect forward emitted fluorescence photons. The results obtained for the two transitions are compared to existing experimental and theoretical data. A discrepancy found in an earlier laser spectroscopy measurement at the ESR with results from plasma spectroscopy and interferometry has been resolved and agreement between experiment and theory is confirmed.
In the first part of the paper a generalized theoretical approach towards beam coupling impedances and stretched-wire measurements is introduced. Applied to a circular symmetric setup, this approach allows to estimate the systematic measurement error due to the presence of the wire. Further, the interaction of the beam or the TEM wave, respectively, with dispersive material such as ferrite is discussed. The dependence of the obtained impedances on the relativistic velocity β is investigated and found as material property dependent. The conversion formulas for the TEM scattering parameters from measurements to impedances are compared with each other and the analytical impedance solution. In the second part of the paper the measurements are compared to numerical simulations of wakefields and scattering parameters. In practice, the measurements have been performed for the circularly symmetric example setup. The optimization of the measurement process is discussed. The paper concludes with a summary of systematic and statistic error sources for impedance bench measurements and their diminishment strategy. a) niedermayer@temf.tu-darmstadt.de
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