Communication among conspecifics is essential to normal social interaction. Treatments which affect communication should also affect social interactions in group situations. Three kinds of psychoactive drugs, a stimulant, a tranquilizer, and a hallucinogen, were administered to rhesus monkeys in order to determine their effects on nonverbal communication and group social behavior. In comparison with nontreated conditions, the stimulant improved communication in cooperative conditioning, the tranquilizer markedly damped both transmission and reception of nonverbal cues, and the hallucinogen only slightly affected transmission and reception. In subsequent group situations, the stimulant facilitated intragroup social behavior and reduced aggression, the tranquilizer reduced the attractiveness of the treated animal to its untreated partners, and the hallucinogen drastically reduced all social behavior within the group and markedly augmented the proportion of aggressive responses directed toward the drugged subject. An inverse relationship between transmission ability and receptive sensitivity was found in untreated subjects, a finding which has also been reported for human subjects.Recent investigations in the field and laboratory (Miller, 1967(Miller, , 1971 have established that the exchange of vocal, postural, facial, and tactual expressions among primates plays an important role in maintenance of group structure and cohesion. Most primates live in social groups which are organized around a dominance structure with differentiated social roles and priorities. Nonverbal signals (e.g., exchange of greeting gestures, subtle expressions of social submission, mutual grooming, threatening stances, etc.) facilitate and maintain stable social interactions within the group, while significant flaws or modifications of nonverbal behavior are disruptive. Thus, for example, it has been demonstrated that social dominance hierarchies in the 1 These investigations were supported by a research grant (MH-00487
An intact bullous lesion was found on the leg of an 84-year-old woman who had a three-day history of itching and blister formation on her thighs, arms, and legs. The remainder of the examination was unremarkable, and the results of routine laboratory tests were normal except for a finding of mild leukocytosis. The patient had been in good health and was taking no medications. An indirect immunofluorescence test for circulating antibasement antibodies was positive. The patient was hospitalized and treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and systemic antibiotics for secondary cellulitis. After three days, both the blisters and the cellulitis began to abate, and three weeks later, the patient's leg had resumed its normal appearance. Because of a mild disease flare after tapering and discontinuation of corticosteroids, the patient required maintenance therapy with low doses of prednisone.
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