10The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a histone methyltransferase that maintains cell 11 identities. JARID2 is the only accessory subunit of PRC2 that known to trigger an allosteric activation 12 of methyltransferase. Yet, this mechanism cannot be generalised to all PRC2 variants as, in 13 vertebrates, JARID2 is mutually exclusive with most of the accessory subunits of PRC2. Here we 14 provide functional and structural evidence that the vertebrate-specific PRC2 accessory subunit PALI1 15 emerged through a convergent evolution to mimic JARID2 at the molecular level. Mechanistically, 16 PRC2 methylates PALI1 K1241, which then binds to the PRC2-regulatory subunit EED to allosterically 17 activate PRC2. PALI1 K1241 is methylated in mouse and human cell lines and is essential for PALI1-18 induced allosteric activation of PRC2. High-resolution crystal structures revealed that PALI1 mimics 19 the regulatory interactions formed between JARID2 and EED. Independently, PALI1 also facilitates 20 DNA and nucleosome binding by PRC2. In acute myelogenous leukemia cells, overexpression of 21 PALI1 leads to cell differentiation, with the phenotype abrogated by a separation-of-function PALI1 22 mutation, defective in allosteric activation and active in DNA binding. Collectively, we show that 23 PALI1 facilitates catalysis and substrate binding by PRC2 and provide evidence that subunit-induced 24 allosteric activation is a general property of holo-PRC2 complexes. 25 26
The reduction of postoperative complication rate is a significant trend in modern surgery. One of the most important methods of intraoperative diagnostics is intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM). The aim of the research was to assess capabilities of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in neurosurgical practice considering literature data and experience of IONM application in the Center of Neurosurgery Railway Clinical Hospital at the Ir-kutsk-Passazhirskiy Railway Station of Russian Railways Ltd. We conducted 17 surgeries using IONM. We described the procedure, analyzed data of monitoring and patients’ condition in early postoperative period. No deviations requiring modifications in surgical manipulations were found during neuromonitoring. No iatrogenic neurological disorders were registered in postoperative period. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring is an additional effective method which allows reducing the risk of postoperative complications and indirectly improving the results of surgical manipulations.
The work was carried out in the conditions of OOO "Bryansk Meat Company" in Tula, Kaluga and Oryol regions. In the period from October to December 2020, we examined 235 animals of beef breed, of which 86 cows (2–3 years old), 90 calves (7–8 months old) and 59 stud bulls (1.5–2 years old) were of the Aberdeen Angus breed. According to the results of morphological studies, a mite of the genus Chorioptes bovis was diagnosed. The epizootological situation with respect to Chorioptes bovis was studied for three farms "Belolipka" in the Tula region, "Uteshevo" in the Kaluga region and "Rabotkogo" in the Oryol region. The keeping in the farms of OOO «BMK» is loose; in summer, the animals are driven to natural pastures, and in winter, they are in winter enclosures. To confirm the diagnosis of chorioptosis, a deep scraping with an abdominal scalpel in the area of the tailhead in the center of the lesion was taken before the appearance of the ichor. The approximate area of the skin lesion was 10–20 cm2 . We have established the greatest prevalence 93.8% with an intensity of invasion 33.1(12–49)±1.02 specimens/cm2
, which were detected in the Oryol region, as well as the lowest prevalence 80% with intensity of invasion 24.8(10–42)±0.96 specimens/cm2 in the Kaluga region.
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