departments: 1 Clinical Anatomy and Operative Surgery; 2 Human Normal Anatomy, 3 Dermatology and Venereology, 4 Clinical Skills SUMMARY Laboratory models of acute and chronic pancreatitis in animals are created in order to study the mechanisms of pathogenesis, develop new methods of treatment and carcinogenesis during inflammation of the pancreas. Both in vitro models are used to study the early stage, short-term processes in which acinar cells are involved, as well as models that cause the development of mild or severe forms of the disease in rodents.Although rodents are most commonly used in models of pancreatitis, the pancreatic damage they cause does not necessarily fully correspond to human pathology. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully choose the model most suitable for the answer in this particular task. The purpose of this article is to compare the most widely used animal models of pancreatitis.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite advances in prevention techniques, screening, and new technologies in both diagnosis and treatment, incidence and mortality continue to rise. Cirrhosis remains the most important risk factor for the development of HCC regardless of etiology. Chronic medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus and obesity increase the risk of HCC. Diabetes mellitus directly affects the liver because of the essential role the liver plays in glucose metabolism. It can lead to chronic hepatitis, fatty liver, liver failure, and cirrhosis
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