Context: The burden of injuries to college ultimate players has never been fully described.Objective: To quantify the injury rate in ultimate players and describe the diagnoses, anatomic locations, and mechanisms of injuries.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: College ultimate teams in the United States during the 2012 season.Main Outcome Measure(s): Initial injury rate per 1000 athlete-exposures.Results: The initial injury rate in college ultimate players was 12.64 per 1000 athlete-exposures; the rate did not differ between men and women (P ¼ .5). Bivariate analysis indicated that injuries occurred twice as often during games as during practices, men were more likely than women to be injured when laying out for the disc, and men were more likely to incur strains and sprains than women.Conclusions: Injury patterns to college ultimate players were similar to those for athletes in other National Collegiate Athletic Association sports. This is the first study to systematically describe injuries to ultimate players.Key Words: injury mechanisms, injury surveillance, athletic injuries, Barell matrix
Key PointsInjury patterns in college ultimate players were similar to those in athletes pursuing other National Collegiate Athletic Association sports. Injury rates did not differ between male and female ultimate players; however, the injury patterns suggest the need for sex-specific preventive strategies.
Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a devastating complication of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). In this non-therapeutic study, we enrolled 12 patients with MBC and known or suspected LMD who were undergoing a lumbar puncture as part of clinical care and collected extra cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and a paired blood sample from each patient at a single time point. Of the 12 patients, 7 patients are confirmed to have LMD based on positive cytology and/or convincing MRI imaging (LMDpos), and 5 patients are deemed not to have LMD based on similar criteria (LMDneg). Using high-dimensional, multiplexed flow cytometry, we profile and compare the CSF and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) immune populations between patients with LMD and those without. Patients with LMD observe a lower overall frequency of CD45+ cells (29.51% vs. 51.12%, p < 0.05), lower frequencies of CD8+ T cells (12.03% vs. 30.40%, p < 0.01), and higher frequency of Tregs than patients without LMD. Interestingly, the frequency of partially exhausted CD8+ T cells (CD38hiTIM3lo) is ~6.5-fold higher among patients with LMD vs. those without (2.99% vs. 0.44%, p < 0.05). Taken together, these data suggest that patients with LMD may have lower overall immune infiltrates than patients without LMD, suggesting a more permissive CSF immune microenvironment but a higher frequency of partially exhausted CD8+ T cells, which may offer an important therapeutic target.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.