Em primeiro lugar, agradeço a Deus a vida. Que eu saiba sempre reconhecer, na minha capacidade de estudo, aprendizagem e trabalho, o dom que deve ter como alvo permanente o bem-estar humano e por isso justifica a minha existência. Ao Professor Ricardo Ferreira Bento, que sugeriu o tema para a realização deste trabalho e acreditou na concretização do mesmo, não poupando esforços no sentido de conseguir a viabilização deste, pela orientação segura, criteriosa e pelo espírito empreendedor sempre aberto a novos horizontes. À Professora Beatriz Carmem Warth Rayman, pessoa acessível, prestativa e exemplo de dedicação à sua profissão, pela simplicidade com que compartilhou seus conhecimentos e pela forma justa com que trata a todos. Aos Professores da pós-graduação pelo aprendizado e conselhos importantes para consolidação da minha formação acadêmica. Ao Professor Arthur Octávio D'Ávila Kós, grande incentivador e motivador dos interessados em pesquisa científica, pela credulidade, pelo apoio no desenvolvimento deste trabalho, abrindo portas para a sua concretização. À Professora Sandra Helena Cerrato Tibiriçá, exemplo de grande mestre modelo a ser seguido pelos acadêmicos pelos exemplos de conduta ética e humana com que trata todas as pessoas e pelo estímulo dado ao trabalho de pesquisa. Ao colega Marcelo M. V. B. Barone pela imensurável ajuda na coleta dos dados, pelo compartilhamento de momentos de trabalho, aprendizado e alegrias que tornaram sólidos os laços de amizade. Às fonoaudiólogas Cristina e Sabrina pela contribuição crucial ao desenvolvimento deste trabalho. À equipe de acadêmicos André, Cícero, Marcos, Victor e Rômulo que contribuiu muito com sua dedicação incansável para tornar sonhos em realidades. Aos colegas da pós-graduação pelo seu compartilhamento de aprendizado e amizade. À colega Érika Ferreira Gomes, que, além de companheira de pós-graduação, tornou-se uma grande amiga, muitas vezes dividindo o mesmo hotel, pelo companheirismo, amizade, apoio e incentivo concedidos na realização deste trabalho. Ao professor Ricardo Rodrigues Figueiredo, companheiro de residência médica e mestrado, pelos valiosos conselhos para o aperfeiçoamento deste estudo. À amiga Yara C. M. de Macedo Soares, colega de residência e mestrado, que, por muitas vezes, me acolheu em sua casa para que eu pudesse dar continuidade a este trabalho, pela sua amizade e carinho. Às secretárias Maria Márcia Alves e Maria Marileide Alves pela presteza na orientação durante toda esta empreitada, pela amizade, carinho e atenção dispensados durante o período em que frequentei o HCUSP. Às secretárias Rita, Ana Paula, que, por muitas vezes, ficaram atarefadas com afazeres burocráticos da tese, pela dedicação e carinho com que prestaram um eficiente serviço. À TV Panorama e ao Jornal Tribuna de Minas, que tiveram um papel importantíssimo no sentido de informar a população local sobre a realização da nossa pesquisa, abrindo as portas para nossa equipe coletar os dados necessários.

Dat a on the prevalence of disabling hearing loss (DHL) in Brazil is scarce, which impacts healthcare professionals' knowledge on the extent of the problem. Objectives:This study aimed at estimating DHL prevalence in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, to identify individual-related variables and find risk areas. Materials and Methods:This was a descriptive sectional population study held from January to October of 2009. We randomly selected 349 households with 1,050 individuals who with ages ranging between 4 days and 95 years. The data collection instruments were: WHO structured questionnaire, ENT examination and laboratory tests. Chi-square and Poisson regression models were used for analyses.Results: DHL prevalence was estimated at 5.2% (95% CI = 3.1 to 7.3) which was classified as moderate in 3.9% (95% CI = 0.001 to 0.134), severe in 0.9% (95% CI = 0.001 to 0.107) and profound in 0.4% (95% CI = 0.001 to 0.095). We found correlation between DHL and tinnitus; age over 60 years and low educational level. Conclusions:Our data obtained pointed to the need to create hearing health programs targeted to specific risk groups, promoting quality of life for hearing impaired patients. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;78(4):52-8. ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Various etiologies are attributed to the development of subjective tinnitus, but their inter-relationship with the presence of temporomandibular disorders and depression is still poorly understood. To assess the presence of depressive symptoms in individuals with TMD and subjective tinnitus, assessing the impact on their quality of life. This is a cross-sectional observational descriptive study. We evaluated 44 patients in a public University. For TMD diagnosis as well as assessment of depressive symptoms, the RDC/TMD questionnaire was used. Otolaryngological assessment was conducted by means of pure tone, speech, and immitance audiometry. The "Tinnitus Handicap Inventory" questionnaire was also administered. 84% of the individuals with tinnitus had myofascial pain, with the masseter muscle being the most prevalent area of pain, and 16% exclusively had painful and/or degenerative TMJ changes. Among the patients with myofascial pain, 86,5% had depressive symptoms, while among those without myofascial pain, only 42,8% presented these symptoms. Eleven (11) patients (25%) reported slight impact of tinnitus on quality of life, 15 (34%) mild impact, 7 (16%) moderate, 7 (16%) severe, and 4 (9%) catastrophic impact. There was a positive association between the presence of myofascial pain and depressive symptoms (p=0,02), as the intensity of tinnitus increases and the severity of depressive symptoms (p<0,01). KEY WORDS:Tinnitus; Temporomandibular joint disorders; Depression; Quality of life. AVALIAÇÃO DA PRESENÇA DE SINTOMAS DEPRESSIVOS E QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE INDIVÍDUOS PORTADORES DE ZUMBIDO E DESORDENS TEMPOROMANDIBULARESRESUMO: Diversas etiologias são atribuídas ao desenvolvimento do zumbido subjetivo, contudo sua inter-relação com a presença das desordens temporomandibulares e depressão é ainda pouco compreendida. Avaliar a presença de sintomas depressivos em indivíduos portadores de DTM e zumbido subjetivo, avaliando o impacto da presença do zumbido na qualidade de vida dos mesmos. Elisa Lima AlvesAcademic at School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Letícia Raquel BarakyAssociate Professor of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora -MG. PhD in Science from the University of São Paulo -USP, São Paulo, Brazil. Letícia Ladeira BonatoDoctoral student in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University; Specialist in TMD and Orofacial Pain, Petrópolis School of Medicine, Petró-polis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E-mail: leticialbonato@hotmail.com Luciano Ambrósio FerreiraDoctoral student in Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ricardo Rodrigues FigueiredoDoctoral student in otorhinolaryngology UNIFESP; Master in General Surgery Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Professor of Valencia Medical School, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Josemar Parreira Guimarães

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Poster PresentationsP229 damaging temperature increases associated with endoscopy in the middle ear. Specifically, neither temperature change nor heat distribution associated with the endoscope has been quantified. In this study, we aim to measure temperature changes throughout the middle ear during rigid endoscopy in a human temporal bone model.Methods: Fresh human temporal bones were maintained at physiologic temperature during middle ear endoscopy with a 3-mm 0° Hopkins rod. Temperature changes were measured as a function of the distance between the endoscope tip and the round window membrane. Thermal gradient was determined by infrared imaging. Control studies conducted at room temperature were also performed.Results: An endoscope with a xenon or light-emitting diode light source on maximal power induced a rapid temperature elevation up to 46°C within 0.5-1 mm of the tip of the endoscope within 30-124 seconds. Elevated temperatures occurred at distances up to 8mm from the endoscope tip. Temperatures rapidly returned to baseline within 20-88 seconds after turning off the light source.Conclusions: Our findings have direct implications for endoscopic ear surgery and affirm the importance of avoiding excessive temperature elevation. We recommend employing submaximal light intensity and repositioning the endoscope frequently to provide rapid cooling. Ongoing studies use an animal model to explore the in vivo effects of prolonged middle ear endoscopy and evaluate for potential threshold shifts in auditory brainstem responses.

CONCLUSION: The results suggested that in theses diseases pathologic process involved the bony facial canal adjacent to the facial nerve.

crotic cell was detected by FACscan analysis. H2O2 treatment induced formation of autophagic vacuoles in HEI-OC1. On the other hand, the pretreatment of HEI-OC1 with ATP and rapamycin protect against H2O2 induced necrotic cell death. In addition, not only the treatment with H2O2 but also the pretreatment with ATP and rapamycin induced autophagy. The expression of GFP-LC3 was induced in not only H2O2 but also ATP and rapamycin-treated HEI-OC1 under immunofluorescent confocal laser microscope. After treatment with ATP and rapamycin, the accumulation of LC3-I/II ratio was observed, and the expression of ATG7 was induced in H2O2treated HEI-OC1. CONCLUSION: Consequently, we demonstrated a promotion of autophagy through the mTOR signaling pathway to enhance cell survival in auditory cells under oxidative stress. These findings are believed to bear relationships for understanding the complex relationship among oxidative stress, autophagy and cell death in auditory cells.