Data from the Personal Software Process (PSP) courses indicate that the PSP improves the quality of the developed programs. However, since the programs (exercises of the course) are in the same application domain, the improvement could be due to programming repetition. In this research we try to eliminate this threat to validity in order to confirm that the quality improvement is due to the PSP. In a previous study we designed and performed a controlled experiment with software engineering undergraduate students at the Universidad de la República. The students performed the same exercises of the PSP course but without applying the PSP techniques. Here we present a replication of this experiment. The results indicate that the PSP and not programming repetition is the most plausible cause of the important software quality improvements.
Working with non-traditional data such as personal photographs, teacher trainees identified themes and considered different dispositions that learners cultivate when working with data. By classifying and questioning elements within a set of shared photographs, teacher trainees were able to generate traditional data elements for analysis and reflect upon the role of identity, awareness, and curiosity during a statistical investigation. Additionally, technical tools were used to glean data from the photographs. By first estimating values, the teacher trainees compared machine-generated data with human evaluations. Throughout the process of developing a story about their data, teacher trainees were encouraged to take ethical considerations into account and identify issues that are important to consider when working with learners and data.
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