The fish feed used in aquaculture systems has many nutritional factors like protein, fat, fiber, ash, and humidity; from these factors, one of great importance is protein. The protein of fish feed is obtained from fish meal, and the demand for fish meal has increased; this induces to increase the price. Many pieces of research have been done about this topic to mitigate this problem. This research shows the differences between three commercial foods of the different processes with the same quantity of protein, using tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, to prove any difference between NO2-, NO3-, and NH4+. Nitrogen compounds were determined with HACH methods for the DR6000 spectrophotometer. Biometric data were registered throughout the growth of fish, along with measure aerobic metabolism. Results have shown that has better outcomes related to low excretion of nitrogen compound was medium-cost fish feed (MCFF). It also has sound effects associated with the length-weight relationship; that could be connected to these fish feed's protein sources.
In this research, effect of productive stages in nitrogen and phosphorus excretion in wastewater from hyperintensive tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture was evaluated. Fish were cultivated considering three development stages (fingerling of 1.79 g, juvenile of 36.13 g, and adult of 72.96 g). Nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, and phosphorus concentration were determined in order to know the amount of nutrients excreted per productive stage of the fish at a high stocking density. Biometric data were recorded during the experiment with the purpose of determining the growth behavior of fish, as well as the measurement of the aerobic metabolism. Results showed that survival, growth, and health of fish are not affected by hyperdensity of culture; as well, combined catabolism of proteins and lipids was presented as substrates for energy with value for O:N ratio ranging between 20 and 60. In addition, higher concentration in excretion of nitrogen compounds and phosphorus per gram of fish was recorded in wastewater from a hyperintensive culture in fingerlings than in juveniles and adults. These results suggest the use of this wastewater in the early stages of fish growth, aiming to enhance sustainable systems with maximum use of the resources, such as aquaponics systems.
In this research, the effect of different productive stages of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a hyper-intensive aquaculture system on the growth of tomatoes was evaluated. Fish were cultivated in a final density of 80 kg m3 considering three development stages (an average of fingerling of 1.487 g, juvenile of 62 g, and adult of 203.75 g, respectively). The quality of water was measured by determining temperature, pH, electric conductivity, and dissolved oxygen. Biometric data were registered throughout the growth of fish and tomatoes. Results showed that the survival, growth, and health of fish are not affected by the hyper density of culture; as well as the quality water was maintained under acceptable conditions for the development of organisms. Besides, it was obtained that the early productive stages (fingerlings and juveniles) gave the best results for tomato growth. These results suggest using the wastewater from fingerlings and juveniles of a hyper intensive recirculation aquaculture system to produce hydroponic tomato; to achieve sustainable production systems with maximum use of the resources.
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