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Jocote (Spondias purpurea L.) is rich in phenolic compounds which have antioxidant properties. The focused microwave-assisted extraction (FMAE) was compared with the conventional microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to obtain flavonols from jocote pomace. The effects of parameters such as the extraction time, the temperature and the composition of the solvent mixture (i.e., the ethanol to water ration) were evaluated and optimized using a statistical experimental design approach. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine the important effects and interactions of these independent variables on the extractive yield and quantification of some flavonoids. In addition, the antioxidant activity was analyzed. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity of the extract was evaluated according to the DPPH assay. The results showed that the optimum extracting parameters used FMAE with extraction time of 20 min, temperature of 68 °C and ethanol composition of 80% in water. Under these conditions, a yield of 3.42% was obtained. Rutin and quercetin were quantified (0.19 mg/mL and 0.024 mg/mL, respectively) through HPLC-DAD. The total phenol and flavonoid contents were found to be 0.897 g GAE/g and 1.271 g QE/g, respectively. In the DPPH scavenging assay, the IC50 value of the extract occurred at 43.10 μg/mL. This study shows that FMAE is suitable as an efficient extraction procedure for the extraction of flavonols from jocote pomace.

BACKGROUND: Active packaging containing natural flavonoid has recently emerged as a result of its potential to inhibit the oxidation of foods by interacting with it and/or its surrounding environment, with the aim of counteracting oxidation reactions and extending the shelf-life of foods. The plant Spondias purpurea L. is widely found in northeastern Brazil and is known to contain bioactive flavonoids. The present study aimed to obtain a flavonoid-rich fraction from the pulp of S. purpurea L. and incorporate it into the cellulose acetate film to obtain biodegradable films with antioxidant properties. RESULTS:The fractionation in SiO 2 open-column chromatography of the S. purpurea pulp crude extract furnished an antioxidant active fraction containing the flavonols quercetin 3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside as the major compounds. This active fraction was incorporated (10, 20 and 30 g kg −1 ) into the substance produced with the casting method for cellulose acetate films. The films produced were characterized concerning mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP) and antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION:The incorporation of the active flavonoid fraction from S. purpurea in the cellulose acetate films decreases WVP and elongation at break, at the same time as increasing antioxidant activity, tensile strength and elastic modulus. Thus, the S. purpurea pulps may be an alternative as a source of antioxidants for use in cellulose acetate films.

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O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o hábito de leitura e compreensão dos rótulos de produtos alimentícios pelos alunos dos Cursos Técnicos em Agroindústria e Agropecuária do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano (IF Baiano), campus Serrinha – BA, no período de setembro a outubro de 2020. Para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho, foi aplicado um questionário eletrônico contendo questões como: hábito de leitura de rótulos, grau de entendimento dos rótulos, quais informações são lidas com mais frequência, quais informações da tabela nutricional são consideradas importantes, entre outras. De acordo com o resultado, 65% dos alunos responderam que possuíam o hábito de leitura dos rótulos, porém um percentual de 81,7% afirmou que a leitura dos rótulos era feita “às vezes”. O prazo de validade, seguido da tabela nutricional são os itens lidos com mais frequência. A maioria dos entrevistados respondeu que lê os rótulos com o objetivo de buscar uma alimentação saudável e um percentual elevado (83,3%) informou que o rótulo influencia na aquisição de produtos. Diante do exposto, conclui-se que mesmo boa parte dos entrevistados terem declarado que possuem o hábito de leitura ainda é necessário esforços dos órgãos governamentais em programas educativos visando a conscientização dos consumidores em relação a importância das informações nos rótulos.   Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the habit of reading and understanding the labels of food products of students in the Agroindustry and Agriculture courses at IFBAIANO, Serrinha campus in the period from September to October 2020. For the development of this work, an electronic questionnaire was applied containing questions such as: habit of reading labels, degree of understanding of labels, which information is read more frequently, which information is considered important in the nutritional table, among others. According to the result, 65% of the students answered that they had the habit of reading the labels but a percentage of 81.7% stated that the reading of labels was done "sometimes". The expiration date, followed by the nutritional table are the most frequently read items. Most of the interviewees replied that they read the labels in order to seek a healthy diet and a high percentage (83.3%) reported that the label influences the purchase of products. Given the above, it is concluded that even a good part of the interviewees declared that they have the habit of reading, it is still necessary efforts of government agencies in educational programs aimed at raising consumers' awareness regarding the importance of information on labels.   Keywords: Label, Reading, Information.

A educação cooperativista é tida como uma importante ferramenta no ambiente organizacional das cooperativas, independente do ramo a que esteja vinculada. Desde a constituição da primeira cooperativa formal, em Rochdale, a preocupação com a educação e formação dos associados permeava as regras de conduta e convivência dos associados ao empreendimento. Neste sentido, abordar os aspectos e ações relacionados à educação cooperativista, voltados para a valorização e construção de sujeitos políticos não apenas para as relações intraorganizacionais, mas sobretudo para o contexto social em que se inserem, torna-se de grande relevância. Assim, este trabalho ancorou-se nas discussões teóricas de Frantz (2001), Schneider e Hendges (2006), Safanelli et al (2011), Freitas et al (2011), Sousa et al (2013) e Neta e Anjos (2020), com o objetivo de analisar os efeitos da educação cooperativista na construção e valorização dos cooperados quanto aos princípios e valores do cooperativismo. A partir da pesquisa bibliográfica delineada, é possível dizer que a educação cooperativista assume mesmo esse papel de ferramenta de valorização e construção dos cooperados conscientes e ativos por ser um processo de formação e capacitação que busca potencializar os sujeitos a pensar, refletir e problematizar o ambiente organizacional. Abstract: Cooperative education is seen as an important tool in the organizational environment of cooperatives, regardless of the branch to which it is linked. Since the establishment of the first formal cooperative, in Rochdale, the concern with the education and training of the members permeated the rules of conduct and coexistence of the members of the enterprise. In this sense, addressing aspects and actions related to cooperative education, aimed at valuing and building political subjects not only for intra-organizational relations, but above all for the social context in which they are inserted, becomes of great relevance. Thus, this work was anchored in the theoretical discussions of Frantz (2001), Schneider and Hendges (2006), Safanelli et al (2011), Freitas et al (2011), Sousa et al (2013) and Neta and Anjos (2020) , with the objective of analyzing the effects of cooperative education in the construction and valorization of cooperative members regarding the principles and values ​​of cooperativism. From the bibliographic research outlined, it is possible to say that cooperative education even assumes this role as a tool for valuing and building conscious and active cooperative members, as it is a process of formation and training that seeks to empower individuals to think, reflect and problematize the environment. organizational. Keywords:Cooperativism. Cooperative education. Cooperative principles

Background:The effect of the extraction time (min) and temperature (°C) on the yield of betulinic acid (BA) from Zizyphus joazeiro barks using focused microwave-assisted extraction was investigated.Materials and Methods:The ethyl acetate was used as extractor solvent because it was shown to provide a betulinic acid-clean extract. A full two-level statistical factorial design was applied to determine the important effects and interactions of these independent variables upon the yield of BA.Results:The conditions that produced the highest yield of BA were at temperature of 70°C and an extraction time of 15 min (3.33 mg per gram of plant).Conclusion:The BA has drawn attention due to its use as a raw material in the synthesis of active compounds against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).SUMMARY The extraction of betulinic acid (BA) from Zizyphus joazeiro barks using focused microwave was investigatedA full two-level statistical factorial design was applied to determine the effects and interactions of the independent variables (time and temperature) upon the yield of BAThe reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector was used for quantification. Abbreviation used: BA: Betulinic acid; FMAE: Focused microwave assisted extraction; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; RSD: Relative standard deviations.

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