Most patients under routine glaucoma care demonstrate slow rates of visual field progression. The MD rate in the current study was similar to an interventional prospective study, but considerably less negative compared to published studies with similar design.

The pixel feature classification algorithm allows objective segmentation of the optic disc from conventional color stereo photographs automatically without human input. The performance of the disc segmentation and LCDR calculation of the algorithm was comparable to that of glaucoma fellows in training and is promising for objective evaluation of optic disc cupping.

Both anterior LD and thickening of prelaminar tissue occur after surgical IOP reduction in patients with glaucoma.

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Glaucoma is a medical term describing a group of progressive optic neuropathies characterized by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and retinal nerve fibre layer and resulting in changes in the optic nerve head. Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide. With the aging population it is expected that the prevalence of glaucoma will continue to increase. Despite recent advances in imaging and visual field testing techniques that allow establishment of earlier diagnosis and treatment initiation, significant numbers of glaucoma patients are undiagnosed and present late in the course of their disease. This can lead to irreversible vision loss, reduced quality of life, and a higher socioeconomic burden. Selection of therapeutic approaches for glaucoma should be based on careful ocular examination, patient medical history, presence of comorbidities, and awareness of concomitant systemic therapies. Therapy should also be individualized to patients' needs and preferences. Recent developments in this therapeutic field require revisiting treatment algorithms and integration of traditional and novel approaches in order to ensure optimal visual outcomes. This article provides an overview of recent developments and practice trends in the medical management of glaucoma in Canada. A discussion of the surgical management is beyond the scope of this paper.

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PURPOSE. To determine whether beta and gamma peripapillary atrophy (PPA) areas measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT) enhances glaucoma diagnosis in myopic subjects.METHODS. We included 55 myopic glaucoma patients and 74 myopic nonglaucomatous controls. Beta-PPA comprised the area external to the clinical disc margin, with absence of retinal pigment epithelium and presence of Bruch's membrane. Gamma-PPA comprised the area external to the disc margin, with absence of both RPE and Bruch's membrane. OCT scans colocalized to fundus photographs were used to measure PPA, choroidal thickness, border tissue of Elschnig configuration, optic disc area, and optic disc ovality. 2 , respectively). However, the distributions of both beta-and gamma-PPA in the two groups overlapped widely. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of beta-and gamma-PPA areas were 0.60 and 0.59, respectively. Larger beta-PPA area was associated with larger disc area, thinner choroidal thickness, longer axial length, less oblique border tissue configuration, older age, and greater disc ovality. Larger gamma-PPA area was associated with greater disc ovality, more oblique border tissue configuration, and longer axial length. RESULTS.CONCLUSIONS. Subclassifying PPA with OCT into beta and gamma zones reveals association with different covariates, but does not enhance the diagnostic performance for glaucoma in a population of predominantly Caucasians myopic subjects.

Guinea pig ventricular myocytes in whole cell configuration were treated with tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors [genistein (Gst), tyrphostin A23 (T23), and tyrphostin A25 (T25)] and with inactive analogs [daidzein, genistin, and tyrphostin A1 (T1)] to measure effects on L-type Ca2+ current ( I Ca,L). Gst inhibited I Ca,L(IC50 = 47 μM) without affecting its time course or shifting the I Ca,L-voltage relationship. At the highest concentration of isoflavone tested (200 μM), I Ca,L was inhibited by 66 ± 7% (Gst), 22 ± 2% (daidzein), and 1 ± 3% (genistin). Inhibition of I Ca,L by the active tyrphostins was significantly larger than inhibition by T1; at 200 μM the inhibitions were 72 ± 6% (T23), 71 ± 6% (T25), and 27 ± 6% (T1). The phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor orthovanadate (1 mM) had a small stimulatory effect (6 ± 2%) on basal I Ca,L and blocked the inhibition of I Ca,L by TK inhibitors. The data suggest a role for the TK-phosphotyrosine phosphatase system in the regulation of cardiac Ca2+ channels.