Infrared (IR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics has been developed for simple analysis of flavonoid in the medicinal plant extract. Flavonoid was extracted from medicinal plant leaves by ultrasonication and maceration. IR spectra of selected medicinal plant extract were correlated with flavonoid content using chemometrics. The chemometric method used for calibration analysis was Partial Last Square (PLS) and the methods used for classification analysis were Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogies (SIMCA), and Support Vector Machines (SVM). In this study, the calibration of NIR model that showed best calibration with R 2 and RMSEC value was 0.9916499 and 2.1521897, respectively, while the accuracy of all classification models (LDA, SIMCA, and SVM) was 100%. R 2 and RMSEC of calibration of FTIR model were 0.8653689 and 8.8958149, respectively, while the accuracy of LDA, SIMCA, and SVM was 86.0%, 91.2%, and 77.3%, respectively. PLS and LDA of NIR models were further used to predict unknown flavonoid content in commercial samples. Using these models, the significance of flavonoid content that has been measured by NIR and UV-Vis spectrophotometry was evaluated with paired samples t-test. The flavonoid content that has been measured with both methods gave no significant difference.

Objective: This study was to investigate the phytochemical screening, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity of fractions of water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane from Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. and mistletoe of Moringa oleifera Lam.Methods: Simplicia extracted with 96% ethanol using maceration method. Liquid-liquid extraction was used for fractionation with water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane as solvent. Phytochemical screening, determination of TPC, and antioxidant activity were performed against these fractions. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. The TPC was measured by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and use gallic acid (GA) as a standard.Results: Water fraction contains saponin and polyphenols. Ethyl acetate fraction contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and polyphenols. N-hexane fraction only contains alkaloids and terpenoids. The TPC and antioxidant activity of fractions of water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane were 9.42±1.16%, 21.35±1.86%, and 67.40±0.82% mg GA equivalent/g fraction and 29.46 μg/ml±0.99%, 7.08 μg/ml±0.39%, and 10.90 μg/ml±1.05%, respectively.Conclusion: Fraction of ethyl acetate exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and TPC. This study showed that there were significant correlations between TPC and antioxidant activity at significance level p<0.05.

Citronella oil (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) was formulated into shampoo preparations to overcome dandruff. Dandruff is a condition which exfoliation of the excess horny layer on the scalp and forms fine scales caused by fungal infections of Candida albicans. The purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal activity and quality of the citronella oil shampoo. Citronella oil was taken using a steam distillation method. The oil produced has good quality because it meet the range of organoleptic requirements, which were the refractive index 1.483, density 0.890g/mL and citronellal content 41.720%. MIC (Minimum Inhibition Concentration) to find out the lowest concentration of shampoo which can still inhibit the growth of Candida albicans was 2%. Citronella oil then formulated into shampoo with F1 (4%) F2 (6%) and F3 (8%) oil concentrations. The results of the quality of shampoo evaluation showed that all formulations met the requirements of pH, viscosity, and foam height. In testing the antifungal activity of shampoo was known that the greater the concentration of oil in the shampoo, the greater the antifungal activity in the shampoo.Keywords: Citronella oil, shampoo, antifungal activity

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Kepundung (Baccaurea racemosa Muell.Arg.) merupakan salah satu tanaman berkhasiat di Indonesia yang mengandung flavonoid, polifenol, tanin, dan terpenoid yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Kandungan senyawa dengan aktivitas antioksidan dapat dikaitkan dengan potensi aktivitas antidiabetes dari tanaman ini. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan antidiabetes ekstrak metanol, etanol, dan etil asetat dari daun kepundung. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode ultrasonik. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan metode DPPH, sedangkan pengujian aktivitas antidiabetes menggunakan metode penghambatan enzim α-amilase. Nilai IC50 pada penentuan aktivitas antioksidan dan antidiabetes ditentukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang maksimum. Hasil penentuan antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa nilai IC50 ekstrak metanol, etanol, dan etil asetat masing-masing adalah 9,38 ± 0,15; 10,55 ± 0,09; dan 946,70 ± 2,31 ppm. Ini menunjukkan ekstrak metanol dan etanol memberikan hasil terbaik dalam aktivitas antioksidan. Nilai IC50 aktivitas antidiabetes in vitro ekstrak metanol, etanol, dan etil asetat masing-masing adalah 67,63 ± 0,36; 67,46 ± 0,23; dan 841,04 ± 1,52 ppm. Hasil ini juga menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol dan etanol daun kepundung memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes yang hampir sama