In this study, transabdominal ultrasonographic measurement of endometrial thickness was performed prior to sampling of the endometrium for histological examination in regularly cycling women. In the natural cycles, the results of ultrasonography and histological dating were significantly correlated (r = 0.76, P less than 0.0001, n = 63). Endometrial histology was likely to be proliferative if the thickness was less than 8 mm, and likely to be secretory if the thickness was greater than 9 mm. However, for a given endometrial thickness, the stage of endometrial development appeared to vary widely, suggesting that ultrasonographic measurement of endometrial thickness cannot accurately predict the results of histological dating. In the second part of the study, endometrial thickness at a defined stage of histological development (results of histological dating between days LH + 4 and LH + 6) was compared in three types of cycles: natural (n = 13), clomiphene-stimulated (n = 12) and artificial (n = 22) cycles. The endometrial thickness (mean +/- standard deviation) in artificial cycles (9.9 +/- 1.3 mm) was significantly smaller than that in natural (11.3 +/- 1.4 mm) or clomiphene-stimulated (11.2 +/- 1.3 mm) cycles, but there was no difference in endometrial thickness between the latter two types of cycle. Our observations suggest that it is unlikely that ultrasonographic measurement of endometrial thickness can replace histological examination of the endometrium in the evaluation of the luteal phase.
SUMMARY The effect of copper chelation was studied in a group of children with intrahepatic cholestasis of childhood (IHCC) and increased liver copper levels. Initial therapy was D-penicillamine (10 mg/kg/day), being replaced by triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride (20 mg/kg/day) when side-effects of D-penicillamine occurred. Eight children completed two years of copper chelation. Pruritis remained the main symptom and did not improve. Two patients developed D-penicillamine side-effects -one patient after nine months (marked anorexia, lassitude) and one other patient after 19 months (thrombocytopenia). Two patients died during the study, in one of these normal hepatic copper concentration was achieved. Hepatic copper concentrations decreased in seven of eight patients from 8.6 (2.7-16.2) jumoUg to 3.4 (0.6-16.5) ,umol/g (median and range (OO5
SUMMARY The inhibitory effects ofhydroxychloroquine on leucocyte motility have been compared with those ofprednisolone. It has been shown to have similar potency to prednisolone as an inhibitor of human neutrophil and monocyte motility. Hydroxychloroquine has then been compared with placebo in the prevention of an immune-complex experimental colitis in rabbits. Rectal biopsies were taken from rabbits 24 hours after initiation of colitis, coded, and graded histologically. The summated gradings for acute inflammation and goblet cell depletion had worsened more in the control rabbits (mean grade + 6.7) than in the treated rabbits (mean grade + 1.8) P<0.05. There was no difference in the mononuclear cell infiltrate between the two groups. Hydroxychloroquine, which is a potent inhibitor ofleucocyte motility, effectively prevents the acute inflammatory infiltrate in this experimental colitis model and therefore merits trial in human ulcerative colitis.Prednisolone and other glucocorticoids are effective treatment for ulcerative colitis. 1 2 One of the known effects of prednisolone is the inhibition of leucocyte chemotaxis,34 and this may be important for its therapeutic action. The 4-amino quinoline, chloroquine, has also been shown to inhibit chemotaxis of leucocytes3 as has its derivative hydroxychloroquine,5 although the latter has not previously been tested using human leucocytes. Chloroquine has also been shown to prevent the accumulation of neutrophils into experimental Arthus lesions.
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