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SUMMARYA homology search of proteins predicted from the recently reported complete DNA sequence of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) revealed that the product of gene 13 was highly homologous to eukaryotic and prokaryotic thymidylate synthetases (TSs). The VZV protein was shown to be a TS by three functional tests. Firstly, a plasmid designed to express the native protein was able to complement a strain of Escherichia coil in which the natural TS gene is deleted. Secondly, in an enzyme assay for TS, extracts of the complemented strain were capable of releasing tritiated water from 2'-deoxy [5-3H]uridylate. Thirdly, these extracts contained a protein that bound isotopically labelled 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate, a ligand specific for the active site of TS. In addition, a novel ligand-binding protein was detected in human cells infected with VZV.Two common human diseases, chickenpox and shingles, are caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This virus is a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae, a subfamily of the Herpesviridae typified by the most extensively studied human herpesvirus, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Davison & Scott (1986) identified genes encoding 67 unique proteins from an analysis of the complete sequence of the 125 kbp linear double-stranded DNA genome of VZV. Five glycoprotein genes were proposed from considerations of primary amino acid sequence, and the glycoprotein products of four have been detected (Ellis et al., 1985;Davison et al., 1985;Keller et al., 1986Keller et al., , 1987. Functional assignments for 12 additional VZV proteins are dependent on comparisons with available data for HSV-1 proteins of known function (Davison & Scott, 1986). The functions of two of the remaining 50 VZV proteins may be proposed on the basis of homology with non-herpesvirus proteins. One is related to several eukaryotic protein kinases (McGeoch & Davison, 1986), and the other is homologous to prokaryotic and eukaryotic thymidylate synthetases. In this paper, we describe the structural and functional identification of the VZV thymidylate synthetase (TS) gene and the detection of a novel TS in VZV-infected cells.TS (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate : dUMP C-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.45) is a homodimeric enzyme which catalyses the reductive methylation of deoxyuridylate to thymidylate. As the sole means for supplying thymidine nucleotides de novo, TS is crucial in DNA metabolism. A particularly striking feature of this enzyme is its high degree of amino acid sequence conservation. For example, the human and Escherichia coli proteins are 53% homologous (Takeishi et al., 1985). A computer-aided homology search of the 67 VZV proteins revealed that the product of gene 13 has a similar degree of homology to published TSs. The protein-coding t Present address:

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Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) glycoprotein 60 (gp60) and gp17/18 (F3132 and 5H6 respectively) were found to react with the same protein, which was identified as a homologue of herpes simplex virus type 1 gD. MAb F3132 strongly neutralized virus infectivity and inhibited the penetration of the virus into the cell. The effects on penetration were shared with three other MAbs against this protein (P68, F3116 and F3129), but no effect on virus penetration was found with any other anti-EHV-1 MAb tested. The level ofglycosylation ofgp60 was analysed using glycanase enzymes and glycosylation inhibitors, and consisted of mainly Nlinked carbohydrate. The Mr of non-N-glycosylated gp60 was 50K.

Background Recruitment for research is usually expensive and time consuming. Facebook (FB) recruitment has become widely utilized in recent years. The main aim of this study was to assess FB as a recruitment tool in a study for Spanish- and English-speaking smokers. Additionally, the study set out to compare performance of ads by language (Spanish vs. English), location (U.S. vs. San Francisco) and content (self-efficacy ad vs. fear appeal ad). Methods Participants of a one-condition smoking cessation webapp study were recruited utilizing FB ads and posts through two phases: a recruitment-focused phase and an experimental phase comparing language, location and content. Results During the recruitment phase 581 participants in total (U.S. = 540, San Francisco = 41) provided consent. Of the U.S. participants 275 were Spanish-speakers and 265 English-speakers. The cost-per-consent was $25.81 for Spanish-speakers, and $15.49 for English-speakers. During the experimental phase U.S. users performed better (i.e. more clicks, engagement and social reach) than San Francisco users, Spanish-speakers engaged more than English-speakers, and the self-efficacy ad performed better than the fear appeal ad. Conclusions This study showed that although there were differences in cost-per-consent for Spanish- and English-speakers, recruitment of Spanish-speakers through Facebook is feasible. Furthermore, comparing performance of ads by location, language, and ad content may contribute to developing more efficient campaigns.

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Approach: Public Case ☐ Based on publically available information only Field Case ☒ Includes "insider" field research with a company / individual Scenario Case ☐ A fictional but realistic scenario; does not identify a company

This case study centers on the potential effects of a department store window display and its impact on sales in the bricks-and-mortar retail environment. As the "high street" battles with the internet, visual presentation is key to driving sales in the bricks-and-mortar environment. Prime trading and promotion of new season lines (e.g. spring/summer) and seasonal promotions (e.g. Christmas, Mother's Day) are highly designed and pleasing aesthetically as they are calendar driven and financial targets are high. In the UK, sale (discounting) often has a much lower standard of presentation that is not aesthetically pleasing and that some consumers dislike (or even avoid) on account of the basic nature of the window (often a poster, fallen off the glass in front of a dressed window) and fragmented store merchandising. As existing literature on the subject tends to focus on the "best," prime trading windows, this case study of Debenhams department store puts forward the argument that discount promotions are treated as "second best" visually and asks students to consider the risks of such a strategy and to suggest potential alternatives. 1 The author wrote this case study solely to provide material for class discussion and independent learning. The author does not intend to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a situation. The comments and interpretation presented are not necessarily those of the company or its employees.This case has been written on the basis of published sources only. The interpretation and perspectives presented in this case are not necessarily those of the company in question or any of its employees.