Biodiversity of red clover is changing. It is become more difficult to find new breeding material. Moreover, populations with predominant morphological features of cultivars are more frequently found in wild habitats. Therefore, it is important to identify genetic structure and diversity within and among wild populations and cultivars worldwide. During this research, seed samples from wild red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) habitats were collected in different Lithuanian sites in nemoral environmental zone. Subsequently, samples were germinated in greenhouse and randomly taken for genetic analyses. ISSR fingerprints of 339 genotypes from 13 populations and 5 varieties were analysed. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) has shown high genetic variation within populations (83%). The highest polymorphism was identified in population pop2887 (PPL = 82.28%). Interestingly the polymorphism of varieties was high and ranged from 64.56 (‘Vytis’) to 83.54 (‘Liepsna’). Meanwhile, variance among populations was low—17%. Fixation index FST = 0.182 revealed high differentiation of the populations while gene flow was high with an exchange of 2.2474 migrants per generation. This revealed a high genetic diversity within populations and high gene flow between wild populations and cultivars in Lithuania.
Red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) is a perennial plant of the cereal family (Poaceae), which is used as a fodder and lawn crop. Despite substantial research, the number of high-yielding varieties adapted to specific soil and climatic conditions is insufficient. Therefore, the examination of the genetic diversity of red fescue plants is the main stage in the creation of new varieties. The purpose of the study was to evaluate samples based on the main economic-biological characteristics and divide them into three groups of ripening for further use in breeding as a source of valuable traits. The study used general scientific (analysis, synthesis, experiment, description, observation, and comparison), field (phenological observations and accounting), and statistical methods. According to the results of the study, populations of different ecological and geographical origins created by different breeding methods were similar. The coefficients of variation in the parameters of the main features were in the range of 0.34-8.02% and depended on the biological and ecological characteristics of the samples. According to the duration of the growing season, the samples were divided into early-ripening (16 pcs.), medium-ripening (20 pcs.), and late-ripening (12 pcs.). When clustering by eight features, all samples were divided into three clusters. In the early-ripening group, substantial correlations were established between the duration of the growing season and 1000 grain weight, between plant height and seed yield, and between dry matter yield and leaf colour intensity. Positive associations between dry matter yield and regrowth intensity, between 1000 grain weight and leaf colour intensity were observed in the middle-ripening group. In the late-ripening group, reliable relationships were identified between plant height and tillering intensity, seed yield and 1000 grain weight, seed yield and leaf colour intensity, and dry matter yield and leaf colour intensity. The results obtained will be used in further breeding work when creating varieties of red fescue of various ripening groups with improved seed productivity, suitable for fodder and lawn use
The results of the systematization of the collection, which includes 1762 samples of domestic and foreign origin from 20 species, including 807 legumes and 955 grass plants are presented. The study of collection material involved in 2019 and samples received during 2015-2019 was conducted. As a result of the study of collections of forage grasses, 249 sources of valuable traits for daily growth, plant height, high yield, ripeness, resistance to diseases and pests were selected. 18 valuable samples of legumes and grasses, which were selected by economic characteristics, namely Trifolium pratense L. (5), Dactylis glomerata L. (5), Trifolium hybridum L. (4) та Festuca rubra L. (4) have been submitted for registration to the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine. The results of the study confirmed the high productivity of local forms of forage grasses. During 1920-2020 a search was conducted and 452 samples of perennial legumes and grasses were involved, of which 125 were legumes and 327 were grasses. Valuable starting material, which combines increased adaptive features, short growth, high productivity and feed quality of dry matter, was obtained.
Aim. The purpose was to identify collection accessions – sources of valuable traits to use as starting material for creating varieties of perennial grasses in Western Ukraine. Results and Discussion. Perennial grasses play an essential role in improving the efficiency of forage production. They produce a fodder mass that contains major macro- and micronutrients, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and other nutrients in available forms, with a high energy protein saturation. Practice shows that due to the introduction of varietal crops into production in combination with optimal technologies of their cultivation, which allows revealing the potential of each variety, it is possible to additionally obtain 20-30% higher yields of fodder mass annually and harvest 2 to 3-fold seed yields. In 2016-2020, a search was carried out and 570 new accessions of perennial grasses were recruited, of which 201 were legumes and 369 were graminaceous grasses. The collection contains 1,319 accessions, of which 232 are Trifolium pratense L., 115 are Trifolium repens L., 49 are Trifolium hybridum L., 107 are Lotus corniculatus L., 80 belong to other legume species (Medicago, Galega orientalis L. Galega orientalis L. and Trifolium species), 131 are Phleum pratense L., 187 are Dactylis glomerata L., 146 are Lolium perenne L., 53 are Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J. et C.Presl., 67 are Festuca rubra L., 28 are Festuca trachyphylla L., 32 are Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub, 92 belong to other species of other types of graminaceous grasses (Festuca pratensis Huds., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Agrostis alba L. etc.). Accessions that enter the Department are registered and sown for propagation in the field. After examination, valuable accessions are transferred to the National Depository and registered in the National Catalogue; the rest of the obtained seeds are used in working collections. Conclusions. The best collection accessions were identified by a set of economically valuable traits: sources of daily growth of shoots (30), winter hardiness (28), plant height (22), yield of green mass upon haymaking (28) and pasture (19) use, forage productivity (15), seed productivity (25), foliage (21), and disease resistance (23). They can be recommended as starting material to create varieties of perennial grasses with high yields of forage mass and seeds for various applications.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.