Biomass derived energy currently accounts for about 3 quads of total primary energy use in the United States. Of this amount, about 0.8 quads are used for power generation. Several biomass energy production technologies exist today which contribute to this energy mix. Biomass combustion technologies have been the dominant source of biomass energy production, both historically and during the past two decades of expansion of modern biomass energy in the U. S. and Europe. As a research and development activity, biomass gasification has usually been the major emphasis as a method of more efficiently utilizing the energy potential of biomass, particularly wood. Numerous biomass gasification technologies exist today in various stages of development. Some are simple systems, while others employ a high degree of integration for maximum energy utilization. The purpose of this study is to conduct a technical and economic comparison of up to three biomass gasification technologies, including the carbon dioxide emissions reduction potential of each. To accomplish this, a literature search was first conducted to determine which technologies were most promising based on a specific set of criteria. The technical and economic performances of the selected processes were evaluated using computer models and available literature. Using these results, the carbon sequestration potential of the three technologies was then evaluated. The results of these evaluations are given in this final report 4 INTRODUCTIONBiomass derived energy currently accounts for about 3 quads of total primary energy use in the United States. Of this amount, about 0.8 quads are used for power generation (EPRI 2001). Several biomass energy production technologies exist today which contribute to this energy mix. Biomass combustion technologies have been the dominant source of biomass energy production, both historically and during the past two decades of expansion of modern biomass energy in the U. S. and Europe. As a research and development activity, biomass gasification has usually been the major emphasis as a method of more efficiently utilizing the energy potential of biomass, particularly wood. Gasification technology was first commercialized using coal, however biomass resources such as wood have a unique environmental advantage over traditional fossil fuels in that the gasification of biomass has a mitigating effect on global warming, when a renewable biomass fuel is used instead of a fossil fuel. Also, biomass feedstocks are typically lower in sulfur and nitrogen than most coals.Numerous biomass gasification technologies exist today in various stages of development. Some are simple systems, while others employ a high degree of integration for maximum energy utilization. "Integration" refers in a general way to obtaining heat and multiple products, in addition to electricity from the fuel or feedstock used. In a specialized way in gasification power systems, "integration" refers to use of the heat and steam flows from the gasification and gas cl...
Biomass derived energy currently accounts for about 3 quads of total primary energy use in the United States. Of this amount, about 0.8 quads are used for power generation. Several biomass energy production technologies exist today which contribute to this energy mix. Biomass combustion technologies have been the dominant source of biomass energy production, both historically and during the past two decades of expansion of modern biomass energy in the U. S. and Europe. As a research and development activity, biomass gasification has usually been the major emphasis as a method of more efficiently utilizing the energy potential of biomass, particularly wood. Numerous biomass gasification technologies exist today in various stages of development. Some are simple systems, while others employ a high degree of integration for maximum energy utilization. The purpose of this study is to conduct a technical and economic comparison of up to three biomass gasification technologies, including the carbon dioxide emissions reduction potential of each. To accomplish this, a literature search was first conducted to determine which technologies were most promising based on a specific set of criteria. During this reporting period, the technical and economic performances of the selected processes were evaluated using computer models and available literature. The results of these evaluations are summarized in this report 4 Guide-TAG-RE, 2001). Several biomass energy production technologies exist today which contribute to this energy mix. Biomass combustion technologies have been the dominant source of biomass energy production, both historically and during the past two decades of expansion of modern biomass energy in the U. S. and Europe. As a research and development activity, biomass gasification has usually been the major emphasis as a method of more efficiently utilizing the energy potential of biomass, particularly wood.Gasification technology was first commercialized using coal, however biomass resources such as wood have a unique environmental advantage over traditional fossil fuels in that the gasification of biomass has a mitigating effect on global warming, when a renewable biomass fuel is used instead of a fossil fuel. Also, biomass feedstocks are typically lower in sulfur and nitrogen than most coals.Numerous biomass gasification technologies exist today in various stages of development. Some are simple systems, while others employ a high degree of integration for maximum energy utilization. "Integration" refers in a general way to obtaining heat and multiple products, in addition to electricity from the fuel or feedstock used. In a specialized way in gasification power systems, "integration" refers to use of the heat and steam flows from the gasification and gas cleaning steps in the process, for enhancement of the other parts of the process. One important example of such integration is the use of steam raised in syngas cooling as part of the steam flow into the steam power section of an IGCC power plant. (IGC...
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