BackgroundThe Ambrosia Fusarium Clade phytopathogenic Fusarium fungi species have a symbiotic relationship with ambrosia beetles in the genus Euwallacea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Related beetle species referred to as Euwallacea sp. near fornicatus have been spread in California, USA and are recognized as the causal agents of Fusarium dieback, a disease that causes mortality of many plant species. Despite the importance of this fungi, no transcriptomic resources have been generated. The datasets described here represent the first ever transcripts available for these species. We focused our study on the isolated species of Fusarium that is associated with one of the cryptic species referred to as Kuroshio Shot Hole Borer (KSHB) Euwallacea sp. near fornicatus.ResultsHydrogen concentration is a critical signal in fungi for growth and host colonization, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different pH conditions on growth and gene expression of the fungus Fusarium sp. associated with KSHB. An RNA-seq approach was used to compare the gene expression of the fungus grown for 2 weeks in liquid medium at three different pH levels (5.0, 6.0, and 7.0). An unbuffered treatment was included to evaluate the capability of the fungus to change the pH of its environment and the impact in gene expression. The results showed that the fungus can grow and modulate its genetic expression at different pH conditions; however, growth was stunted in acidic pH in comparison with neutral pH. The results showed a differential expression pattern in each pH condition even when acidic conditions prevailed at the end of the experiment. After comparing transcriptomics data from the three treatments, we found a total of 4,943 unique transcripts that were differentially expressed.ConclusionsWe identified transcripts related to pH signaling such as the conserved PAL/RIM pathway, some transcripts related to secondary metabolism and other transcripts that were differentially expressed. Our analysis suggests possible mechanisms involved in pathogenicity in this novel Fusarium species. This is the first report that shows transcriptomic data of this pathogen as well as the first report of genes and proteins involved in their metabolism identifying potential virulence factors.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5083-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
<em>Guignardia bidwellii</em> (anamorfo: <em>Phyllosticta</em> <em>ampelicida</em>) es el agente etiológico de la pudrición negra de la vid, enfermedad de importancia económica en Europa y cuarentenaria para México. La identificación del estado anamorfo mediante caracteres morfológicos resulta complicada debido a la similitud entre especies del mismo género, por ejemplo, con el endófito cosmopolita <em>G. endophyllicola</em> (<em>P. capitalensis</em>), por lo que es necesario contar con herramientas de diagnóstico rápidas y específicas. Con este propósito se desarrolló un marcador molecular basado en los polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido (SNP) en la región ITS del ADNr, donde se diseñaron los oligos Bidwell y Ampel2 que mediante amplificación PCR generan un fragmento de 173 pb específico a <em>G. bidwellii f. euvitis</em>. La validación del método demostró que no hay amplificación cruzada con otros hongos fitopatógenos ni con el genoma de la vid. La técnica fue sensible al detectar hasta 30 pg µL-1 de ADN a partir de cultivos monospóricos y en mezcla con tejido vegetal. Se presenta este procedimiento de diagnóstico como una opción rápida y específica para el monitoreo y detección de <em>G. bidwellii f. euvitis</em> en apoyo a las estrategias de prevención, manejo, cuarentena y erradicación de la enfermedad.
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