To improve air pollution and human health, a novel grey prediction model with fractional-order accumulation and new information priority accumulation is proposed to analyze and predict the public perception level, self-protection demands, and environmental protection behavior of air pollution. The study in three cities of China shows that the public’ perception level will rise rapidly, and the speed will continue to accelerate with the further deterioration of air quality. Among them, Beijing’s public perception is the most sensitive and strong. The protection needs of the Tianjin public are the most sensitive. The Shijiazhuang public shows a strong desire for environmental protection. This study will help in understanding the relationship between the public and air quality.
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