Overall, statistically significant differences were observed relating to measurements (p < 0.01) and surgical techniques (p < 0.05) analyzed. In particular, these differences were located in pairs pre-surgery - 6 months post-surgery and pre-surgery - post 24 months, in the four variables, and between the two techniques used in jitter (p = 0.008), HNR (p = 0.045) and VHI (p = 0.035).
The objective of this study has been to analyze the effect of anxiety on the level of learning of gymnastics skills, considering two types of practical strategy. The first, derived from Schmidt’s Schema Theory (1975) and termed Teaching Programs, is representative of the hypothesis of variability in practice (Moxley, 1979) and the other strategy, known as Technical Progressions, is derived from more restrictive models of the motor program and is related to the hypothesis of specificity. The sample group (n = 108) was made up of 54 boys and 54 girls, aged between 11 and 13, with no previous experience in performing skills related to gymnastics. A 3 × 3 × 2 factorial design of the independent steps was used (Practical Strategy x Trait Anxiety x Gender)—this was a fixed model, with a control group in factor A. The results showed that the main effects on the Learning Level were generated by the areas of Practical Strategy and Trait Anxiety, although their impact was lessened by the functional structure of the skills required. Trait Anxiety is shown to be the main predictor of State Anxiety levels.
Acrobatic gymnastics is associated with injury risk. The aim of the study was to gain knowledge on injury incidence, type and severity in acrobatic gymnasts of both sexes. An epidemiologic, descriptive, crosssectional study was conducted involving 54 gymnasts: 23 males and 31 females aged 14 to 23. The training characteristics (training time: days and hours), as well as the injuries suffered (site, type, severity and moment of injury) were assessed. A total of 89 injuries were recorded. Injury incidence was 9.85/1,000 h of exposure among women and 9.15 among men. The highest percentage of injuries was located in the lower limb, with no significant differences based on sex. Ligament injuries were the most common among women, while tendonitis prevailed among men. The majority of injuries occurred while performing group skills in the technical part of the session (27% during dynamic and 23.6% during static skills), bases suffered a greater number of injuries than tops. It was concluded that muscle and ligament injuries were the most common injury types, the lower limb the most frequently affected body region and moderate the most frequent severity level in both sexes. The variables sex and role were associated with injury incidence.
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto agudo de la técnica de estiramiento active isolated stretching (AIS) y el efecto del reposo en sedestación sobre la altura de salto registrada mediante el test Squat Jump (SJ) y Counter Movement Jump (CMJ). Un total de 22 varones con un rango de edad entre 21 y 24 años (edad 22,9 ± 2,03 años; masa corporal 69,7 ± 5,60 kg; altura 173,6 ± 7,37cm) completaron el estudio. Se utilizó un diseño intragrupo pretest-postest con dos situaciones experimentales (estiramiento y reposo en sedestación). A los sujetos del grupo de estiramiento se les evaluó la altura de salto en SJ y CMJ antes e inmediatamente después de aplicar el AIS (15 s después) en el cuádriceps femoral y tríceps sural en una única sesión de entrenamiento. Se realizaron 4 series de 12 repeticiones alternando la extremidad inferior izquierda y derecha con el siguiente orden: tríceps sural derecho, tríceps sural izquierdo, cuádriceps femoral derecho y cuádriceps femoral izquierdo. El tiempo de estiramiento total de cada grupo muscular fue de 96 s, con un tiempo total de trabajo de aproximadamente 15 min. A los sujetos del grupo de reposo se les evaluó la altura de salto en SJ y CMJ antes e inmediatamente después de un reposo en sedestación de 15 min. Tras la aplicación de AIS, los resultados mostraron pérdidas agudas de altura de salto de 2,14 cm (-7,13%) en SJ y de 2,65 cm (-7,22%) en CMJ. Después del reposo, las pérdidas producidas en la altura registrada fueron de 1,90 cm (-6,41%) en SJ y de 2,38 cm (-6,46%) en CMJ. Por tanto, la utilización de un protocolo de estiramientos utilizando la técnica del AIS o de un periodo de reposo en sedestación influye de forma negativa en la capacidad de salto.Palabras claves: active isolated stretching; capacidad de salto; rendimiento deportivo. R e s u m e nCorrespondencia: Leopoldo Ariza Vargas Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad de Córdoba. España Email: eo1arval@uco.es The aim of this study was to analyze the acute effect of stretching technique Active Isolated Stretching (AIS) and repose sitting with the lower extremities raised of rest over on the high jump in Squat Jump (SJ) and Countermovement Jump (CMJ). Twenty two males aged between 21 and 24 years (age = 22.9±2.03 years; body mass = 69.7±5.60 kg; height = 173.6±7.37cm) who volunteered to participate in the study. An intragroup prepost-test design with two experimental situations (stretching and resting) was used. The height of the SJ and CMJ jumps of the stretching group was measured before and 15 s after only one session of AIS on the femoral quadriceps and triceps surae. The treatment consisted of 4 sets of 12 repetitions with each leg alternating following this cycle: right triceps surae, left triceps surae, right femoral quadriceps and left femoral quadriceps. The total stretching time of each muscular group was 96 seconds with a total working time of 15 minutes. The height of SJ and CMJ jumps of the resting group was measured before and immediately after a 15-minute sitting at rest with the ...
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