Multicentre surveillance is essential in order to monitor the prevalence of certain resistance phenotypes and to identify rapidly the emergence of new ones. However, many surveillance studies are based either on a relatively small number of isolates from a single country, or on a large number of isolates from many different countries and so are not equally meaningful. Extensive national multicentre surveillance would provide a more reliable strategy for assessing the extent of antimicrobial resistance in individual countries. This article describes Spanish experience with the surveillance network SAUCE, and summarizes the main results on antimicrobial resistance in the three key bacterial pathogens involved in community-acquired respiratory tract infections in Spain: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pyogenes.
Introduction: the participation of coagulase negative staphylococci in human diseases is an important problem, particularly in hospital settings where these species often act as opportunistic pathogens. Objective: to show the results obtained after applying conventional techniques for its detection. Results: the tests Cumpling factor, Detection of hemolysin δ-like, acidification of the substrates trehalose, mannose, mannitol and inositol were applied, as well as the ornithine decarboxylation biochemical test and the behavior of antimicrobial sensitivity was taken into account. all being feasible for the diagnosis of this microorganism due to the results obtained. Conclusions: Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an atypical SCoN compared to the rest of the SCoNs, both due to its special virulence characteristics and its striking sensitivity to multiple antimicrobials, including penicillin sensitivity in many cases. Its diagnosis in clinical microbiology laboratories is simple, given the suspicion of this species by the positive compliance factor test, a complete identification of it must be carried out through the decarboxylation of ornithine, the acidification of mannose, as well as antimicrobial sensitivity, are useful tests to differentiate this microorganism from the rest of its species.
Preliminary results obtained after applying two methods for the detection of carbapenemase, the colorimetric Blue-carba and the inactivating carbapenem, are presented, which were tested in six strains isolated from clinical samples, where satisfactory results were obtained after using both procedures. Taking into account the importance of these enzymes in Microbiology laboratories, due to the clinical-epidemiological impact they represent and the difficulty of not having molecular methods, these procedures are proposed for their detection.
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