Embryogenic cell suspension cultures of garlic (Allium sativum L.) were initiated in liquid medium from friable embryogenic tissue. The optimal parameters for culture maintenance were: (1) an initial cell density of 1-4% (v/v); (2) medium renewal every 14 days and subculturing every 28 days; (3) a low 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid concentration (0.1-0.3 mg/l). Cultures regenerated during a 14-month period. The cell suspension cultures differentiated embryos following transfer to a semi-solid embryo induction medium, with histological studies confirming and characterising the embryogenic nature of the process. Forty percent of these embryos converted into plantlets, which produced micro bulbs in vitro. The composition of the sulphur compounds of the micro bulbs obtained from cell suspension embryo-derived plantlets differed slightly from those produced by in vitro shoot proliferation-derived plantlets, but after two cycles of multiplication in the field these differences had disappeared.
Sugarcane plants of the cultivar B72 191 have been cultivated in tubes and inoculated with a pure culture of smut fungus (Ustilago scitaminea Sydow) in an otherwise microorganism-free environment. The parasite penetrates the tissues of the host. The plants thus infected produce symptoms of smut whip. The teliospores produced on these are viable and have retained their pathogenicity.
A protocol has been developed for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of the garlic (Allium sativum L.) variety Rouge de la Réunion. Young leaf sections or root sections from in vitro plants were used as explants source. Callus was produced on these explants. Callus production was optimal on explants derived from root sections, but callus from young leaves expressed higher embryogenic potential. Up to 75% of such embryogenic callus differentiated globular somatic embryos after 2 months on B5 medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0.1 mg l -1 ) and kinetin (0.5 mg l -1 ). Up to 30% of the somatic embryos were converted into plants with shoots and roots after 8 weeks on a BDS medium with BAP (0.3 mg l -1 ). Histological analysis was performed along the regeneration and confirmed the somatic embryogenic nature of the process. Plants were successfully acclimatised in a greenhouse.
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