This paper presents a novel concept, the Hybrid Power Pack (HPP), which consists of a hybridization\ud kit for transforming small city cars, powered by an original diesel engine, into a parallel hybrid\ud vehicle. The study was jointly conducted by the University of Rome “Sapienza” and the Enea\ud Casaccia research center. The idea is to design a hybrid powertrain that can be installed in a typical\ud microcar, which means that all systems and components will be influenced by the limited space\ud available in the motor compartment of the vehicle. In this paper the details of the mechanical and\ud electrical realization of the powertrain will be discussed and the simulation of a small city car\ud equipped with HPP will be presented and the results discussed and analyzed. The hybrid system\ud also includes the battery pack which is composed of twenty-four Li-ion cells made by EIG, connected\ud in series. The storage system is controlled as regards the voltage and temperature by a\ud Battery Management System (BMS). All the above components are connected and managed by a\ud control unit. The HPP presented in this paper obtains a reduction in fuel consumption higher than\ud 20%. The solution presented with the HPP with its management strategy and the addition of the\ud “plug-in function” makes the hybrid vehicle suitable in terms of performance and consumption in\ud every driving conditions. The ideal strategy behind the “plug-in function” could represent a guideline\ud for further achievements and experimentations, because it offers a simple hardware layout\ud and a real reduction in fuel consumption
Designing a good energy storage system represents the most important challenge for spreading over a large scale of electric mobility. Proper thermal management is critical and guarantees optimum working temperature in a battery pack. In the various battery thermal management technologies, air cooling is one of the most used solutions. The following work analyzes the cooling performance of the air-cooling thermal management system by choosing appropriate system parameters and analyzes using CFD simulations for accurate thermal modeling. These parameters include the influence of airflow rate and cell spacing on the configuration. The outcome of the simulations is compared using parameters like maximum temperature, and temperature distribution in the battery module to obtain optimum results for further applications. Finally, the simulations of the optimal solution will be compared to experimental results for validation.
In this paper, the tuning process of a regenerative braking system for a full electric Formula Student car is reported. Experimental results will be discussed and recovered energy will be measured. In order to obtain the best tuning some preliminary requirements have been decided: no-slip motion of traction wheels during braking phase, no over current and over voltage of Li-ion cells and the best feeling from the braking pedal for the driver. The main target of the regenerative braking system is to obtain the maximum recovered energy during the Endurance event in a typical Formula Student Competition (FS Germany, Hockenheim ring). First, an accurate estimation of the admissible braking torques with the tires used was carried out, starting from the magic formula of Pacejka of the tires. The maximum electric braking torque that the installed engine can provide at various speeds was then estimated, compatibly with the charging currents allowed by the storage system. Subsequently, a mechanical regulating device for regenerative braking was designed and described here, installed directly on the gear lever system that connects the brake pedal to the brake pumps. The proposed system is able to appropriately delay the entry into action of the hydraulic brake pumps and this delay is mechanically adjustable by acting on threaded pins. In this way, the interval of actuation of the brake pedal which activates only the electric braking can be adjusted and tuned. Finally, the overall project was tested on the track, in order to validate the hypotheses previously calculated and determine the setting capable of optimizing the energy recovered during a test equivalent to the Endurance event, compatibly with the constraints of the installed systems on board.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.