The biomechanical behavior of the universal link (titanium base) prosthetic abutment with different heights in implant-supported restorations was evaluated. Forty regular implants (4 × 10 mm) in titanium were used, divided into two groups according to the abutment height (n = 20): 4.5 × 4 mm (short) and 4.5 × 5.5 mm (long). Using CAD/CAM technology, zirconia crowns were milled and cemented onto the prosthetic abutments. Half of the specimens were submitted to the initial maximum fracture load test in a universal testing machine. The long abutments presented fracture load (41.1 ± 6.96 kgf) statistically similar to the short abutments (49.5 ± 7.68 kgf). The other half of the specimens were submitted to mechanical cycling (2,000,000 cycles, 2 Hz with a stainless-steel antagonist with a diameter of 1.6 mm), following ISO 14801:2007. Subsequently, the survival of the specimens was evaluated using the survival analysis function, Kaplan–Meier and Mentel–Cox (log- rank) (p < 0.05). The finite element analysis was performed in similar conditions to those used for the in vitro test through computer-aided engineering software (version 19.2, ANSYS Inc., Houston, TX, USA). The biomechanical behavior of both models was similar regardless of the evaluated structure of the set. It was concluded that both short and long abutment presents promising fatigue behavior and stress distribution for use in long-term implant-supported restorations.
This study aimed to compare the biological activity of the uterus and the metabolism between primiparous and multiparous crossbred dairy cows. Eighteen crossbred dairy cows (B. indicus x B. taurus) were divided by parity order into primiparous (n = 8), and multiparous (n = 10) cows. These cows were evaluated from parturition to 50 days in milk (DIM) for metabolic and reproductive variables. Also, uterine tissue was collected using the cytobrush technique to assess the proportion of polymorphonuclear cells and abundance of transcripts of genes associated with inflammation and receptivity. Multiparous cows had greater milk production (P = 0.04). Primiparous cows had a higher (P ≤ 0.05) relative abundance of IL-6, PTCH2, and PGR mRNA. In contrast, Multiparous cows had a higher relative abundance of IL-10 mRNA. The proportion of primiparous cows ovulating from calving to 50 DIM tended (P = 0.08) to be greater. Overall, the findings indicated that parity does not significantly affect energy metabolism and that multiparous cows have lower uterine inflammatory response associated with lower relative expression of IL-6 and higher relative expression of IL-10. These results led us to conclude that parity has little effect on the puerperium of crossbred dairy cows. Moreover, crossbred dairy cows were considered healthy by 50 DIM; however, further field studies with larger numbers of animals should be performed to define an optimal voluntary waiting period for crossbred dairy cows raised in the Amazon Biome.
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