Patents are widely recognized to provide legal protections to a firm’s inventions. However, such protections are dependent upon claims that delineate the exclusive rights of the patent. This study examines theoretically and empirically the role of exploitive and explorative search on a firm’s patent claims in the biotechnology industry. We argue that firms are subject to ‘boundedly rational’ behaviors where firms are unable to cite their patent’s prior art and therefore are unable to identify with their patent’s novel claims. A firm’s exploitive and explorative search is offered as a solution to overcoming such bounded rationality. We argue and find that a biotechnology firm’s exploitive and explorative search has an inverted u-shaped relationship to a firm’s patent claims. A key contribution of this study is that a firm’s citation behavior is not only attributed to strategic and legal motivations, but also be to behavioral explanations.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to theoretically and empirically advance a concept of competitive antecedents to absorptive capacity (AC) research and to explain their relationship to a firm’s innovative performance. A firm’s competitive antecedents involve a relative advantage in a firm’s ability to access external knowledge – (i.e. relative advantage in external knowledge flows) – and a relative advantage in appropriating these external knowledge flows (i.e. relative advantage in appropriability regime). Design/methodology/approach By drawing on network and market share explanations, hypotheses were developed in which a firm’s AC is argued to mediate the influence of these competitive antecedents on a firm’s innovations. In using linear and negative binomial estimation methods, a mediation analysis of the US biotechnology industry was conducted. Findings A firm’s competitive antecedents have a positive influence on a firm’s AC and that these influences indirectly impact a biotechnology firm’s product innovations. Originality/value While a firm’s innovation is widely attributed to its AC, this study’s concept of competitive antecedents shows that a firm’s competitive advantage lies upstream from its AC.
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La publicación "La economía del cambio climático en el Perú: Síntesis" (en adelante la "Publicación"), incluyendo la revisión de los cálculos económicos finales allí presentados, fue realizada por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) en el marco del Estudio Regional de la Economía del Cambio Climático (ERECC) en América Latina y el Caribe, coordinado por la CEPAL, con el apoyo del Gobierno de la República del Perú y el financiamiento del BID.La redacción final y coordinación de la Publicación estuvo a cargo de Carlos Ludeña y Leonardo Sánchez (BID) y Joseluis Samaniego, Carlos de Miguel, Mauricio Pereira, Karina Martínez y Constanza Pantaleón (CEPAL), con los aportes y sugerencias de Gabriel Quijandría, Eduardo Durand, Roger Loyola, Rosa Morales, Yveth Villanueva y Elizabeth Merino del Ministerio del Ambiente (MINAM); Javier Roca, Rocío García y Natalia Alayza del Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas (MEF); Eduardo Calvo y Hernán Alejandro del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores del Perú (MRE). El BID, la CEPAL, MINAM, MEF y MRE formaron parte del Comité Directivo Nacional (CDN).Colaboraron además en la producción de la Publicación Sebastián Miller, Ana Ríos, Jaime Fernández-Baca y Susana Cárdenas (BID), Lincoln Muniz (INPES), Dimitri Gutiérrez y Jorge Tam (Instituto del Mar de Perú, IMARPE), Sara Yalle e Iván Maita (Ministerio de Agricultura y Riego, MINAGRI), y Graciela Milla (Ministerio de la Producción, PRODUCE).Las opiniones expresadas en la Publicación son exclusivamente de los autores de la Publicación y no necesariamente reflejan el punto de vista de la CEPAL ni del BID, de su Directorio Ejecutivo ni de los países que representa, ni del Consorcio de investigación ni de los autores que participaron en las obras a partir de las cuales se desarrolló la Publicación.Se agradece además el apoyo de UKAID del gobierno Británico a la iniciativa de los Estudios de la Economía del Cambio Climático en América Latina y el Caribe.Los límites y los nombres que figuran en los mapas no implican su apoyo o aceptación oficial por las Naciones Unidas.Se prohíbe el uso comercial no autorizado de los documentos del BID, y tal podría castigarse de conformidad con las políticas del BID y/o las legislaciones aplicables.Copyright © 2014 Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo y Naciones Unidas.Todos los derechos reservados; este documento puede reproducirse libremente para fines no comerciales. Cuadro V.7 Impacto económico del cambio climático en el sector pesca 93Cuadro V.8 Impacto del cambio climático en pesca con respecto al PBI sectorial del año 2010 93Cuadro V.9 Impacto del cambio climático en pesca con respecto al PBI nacional del año 2010 94Cuadro V.10 Impacto económico del cambio climático en minería 98Cuadro V.11 Impacto del cambio climático en minería con respecto al PBI sectorial del año 2010 98 Gráfico II.6 Participación sectorial en el PBI al 2100 39Gráfico III.1 Modelación del impacto del cambio climático sobre el sector minero 57Gráfico IV.1 Cambio en ...
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