RESUMO.O artigo trata da Psicologia do Esporte, um campo de atuação emergente do psicólogo no Brasil. Faz uma análise sobre o percurso histórico da Psicologia Esportiva apresentando os campos de atuação profissional (pesquisa, ensino e intervenção), o papel do psicólogo esportivo (pesquisador, professor e consultor) e o estado científico atual dessa especialidade psicológica. Mesmo com o vasto campo de trabalho, um elemento interveniente é a diversidade de conhecimentos necessários para esta subdivisão da Psicologia, fazendo com que a formação profissional seja insuficiente e a atuação profissional dividida em duas especialidades, a Psicologia Clínica e a Psicologia Educacional aplicada ao esporte. Finalizando, destaca-se a emergência da compreensão destes aspectos, fornecendo subsídios para o entendimento da importância da qualificação de profissionais da área da Psicologia para o contexto do esporte e do exercício físico. Palavras-chave:Psicologia; psicologia do esporte; exercício físico. SPORT PSYCHOLOGY: AN EMERGENT FIELD IN PSYCHOLOGYABSTRACT. This manuscript presents the Sport Psychology field as a psychologist's emergent field of action in Brazil. A historical analysis is performed concerning the path of Sport Psychology presenting the areas of professional action (research, teaching and intervention), the role of the sport psychologist (researcher, academic teacher and consultant) and the field's recent scientific state. Although the vast professional field, the diversity of knowledge needed to act in this subdivision of Psychology is an intervening element, resulting in an insufficient professional formation and a division of the professional action into two specialties: the Clinical Psychology and Educational Psychology applied to sport. Finally, it is highlighted the emergency in the comprehension of this aspects, providing background to understand the importance of the professional qualification in the field of Sport and Physical Exercise.Key words: Psychology; sport psychology; physical exercise. PSICOLOGÍA DEL DEPORTE: UN AREA EMERGENTE DE LA PSICOLOGÍARESUMEN. El artículo presenta el área de la psicología del deporte como un campo de actuación emergente del psicólogo en Brasil. Hace un análisis del recorrido histórico de la Psicología Deportiva presentando las áreas de actuación profesional (pesquisa, enseñanza e intervención), el papel del psicólogo deportivo (investigador, profesor y consultor) y el estado científico actual del área. Mismo con el vasto campo de trabajo, un elemento interventor es la diversidad de conocimientos necesarios para esta subdivisión de la psicología, haciendo con que la formación profesional sea insuficiente y la actuación profesional sea dividida en dos especialidades, la Psicología Clínica y la Psicología Educacional aplicada al deporte. Finalizando, se destaca la emergencia de la comprensión de estos aspectos, proporcionando subsidios para o entendimiento de la importancia de la calificación del profesional del área de la Psicología para el contexto del deporte y de...

This article presents the first Swahili and Tanzanian adaptations of the AUDIT and CAGE instruments as well as the first validation of these questionnaires with TBI patients. Both instruments were found to have acceptable psychometric properties, resulting in two new useful tools for medical and social research in this setting.

BackgroundTo evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swahili version of the Kessler Psychological Distress scale in an injury population in Tanzania.MethodsSwahili version of the Kessler Psychological Distress scale was developed by translation and back-translation by a panel of native speakers of both English and Swahili. The translated instruments were administered to a sample of Tanzanian adults from a traumatic brain injury registry. The content validity, construct validity, reliability, internal structure, and external reliability were analyzed using standard statistical methods.ResultsBoth translated versions of the Kessler Psychological Distress scale were found to be reliable (>0.85) for all tested versions. Confirmatory factor analysis of one and two factor solution showed adequate results. Kessler Psychological Distress scale scores were strongly correlated to depression and quality of life (R>0.50).ConclusionsThis paper presents the first Swahili adaptations of the Kessler Psychological Distress scale as well as the first validation of these questionnaires in Tanzania. The instrument was found to have acceptable psychometric properties, resulting in a new useful tool for medical and social research in this setting.

RESUMO Este estudo avaliou a contaminação por ovos de helmintos, cistos e oocistos de protozoários em compostos

Objective Valid, reliable, and clinically relevant outcome measures are necessary in clinical studies of snake envenomation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric (validity and reliability) and clinimetric (minimal clinically important difference [MCID]) properties of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) in snakebite envenomation. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of two existing snakebite trials that measured clinical outcomes using the PSFS as well as other quality of life and functional assessments. Data were collected at 3, 7, 10, and 17 days. Reliability was determined using Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for temporal stability at 10 and 17 days. Validity was assessed using concurrent validity correlating with the other assessments. The MCID was evaluated using the following criteria: (1) the distribution of stable patients according to both standard error of measurement (SEM) and responsiveness techniques, and (2) anchor-based methods to compare between individuals and to detect discriminant ability of a positive change with a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and optimal cutoff point. Results A total of 86 patients were evaluated in this study. The average PSFS scores were 5.37 (SD 3.23), 7.95 (SD 2.22), and 9.12 (SD 1.37) at 3, 7, and 10 days, respectively. Negligible floor effect was observed (maximum of 8% at 3 days); however, a ceiling effect was observed at 17 days (25%). The PSFS showed good reliability with an internal consistency of 0.91 (Cronbach’s alpha) (95% CI 0.88, 0.95) and a temporal stability of 0.83 (ICC) (95% CI 0.72, 0.89). The PSFS showed a strong positive correlation with quality of life and functional assessments. The MCID was approximately 1.0 for all methods. Conclusions With an MCID of approximately 1 point, the PSFS is a valid and reliable tool to assess quality of life and functionality in patients with snake envenomation.