<p>A fixação do homem nas regiões do planeta tem acontecido em função de disponibilidade de elementos necessários à sua sobrevivência. Nesse sentido, a água, tem sido a forma de energia essencial à vida e a manutenção dos ecossistemas. No entanto sua escassez tem se tornado um problema de ordem global de forma que os governantes têm cada vez mais se preocupados em gerenciar de forma responsável tal recurso. A demanda crescente por água tem feito do reuso planejado um tema atual e de grande importância. Neste sentido, considera-se o reuso de água como parte de uma atividade mais abrangente que é o uso racional ou eficiente da água, o qual compreende também o controle de perdas e desperdícios, e a minimização da produção de resíduos e do consumo de água. A utilização de águas residuárias para os mais diversos fins já é uma realidade em diversos países do mundo. No Brasil, dentre os principais fatores que contribuíram para o aumentasse o interesse pela irrigação com efluentes, se encontram: a escassez de água, o avanço técnico-científico, a legislação ambiental mais rigorosa e atuante, o maior controle da poluição ambiental, a diminuição dos custos de tratamento com solo devido à atuação, disposição e fornecimento de nutrientes, e matéria orgânica às plantas, reduzindo os custos com fertilizantes químicos comerciais. Com isso, é possível concluir que o reuso de água é importante instrumento de gestão racional dos recursos hídricos, no que diz respeito ao reuso de água para fins agrícolas.</p>
Recebido em agosto/2014; Aceito em novembro/2014. RESUMO:Foi estudado a tendência climática anual da precipitação e seu aproveitamento para fins não potáveis em região da Amazônia Ocidental brasileira. Utilizaram-se dados pluviométricos compreendidos entre o período de 1960 a 2013, para sua captação considerou-se as áreas de telhados das edificações prediais da Universidade Federal do Acre -Campus Floresta (CF), localizado no município de Cruzeiro do Sul/AC. Calcularam-se as precipitações médias mensais e suas respectivas probabilidades de ocorrência de 75%, 85% e 95%. Foi detectada leve tendência positiva dos dados pluviométricos ao aplicar o teste de Mann-Kendall. O teste de Pettitt não foi significativo para esta série de precipitação. Foi verificada redução significativa para a estação chuvosa amazônica. A estação seca teve uma redução do seu período mais seco, o que tudo indica uma mudança no comportamento e na sazonalidade da precipitação na região. Aproveitar mensalmente as precipitações é suficiente para manter de 96,45% a 70,89% da demanda hídrica do CF. Os excedentes hídricos proporcionados pela precipitação média, probabilidade de 75% e 85% garantem a manutenção anual do CF, para a probabilidade de ocorrência de 95% é necessário a complementação a partir do mês de agosto até meados de novembro a dezembro. Palavra-chave: análise estatística, água não potável, população urbana e rural PRECIPITATION TREND AND ITS NON-POTABLE USES IN THE WESTERN AMAZON ACREABSTRACT: This paper analyses the annual climate trend of precipitation and its non-potable use in a university campus in the Brazilian Western Amazon. We used pluviometric data gathered between 1960 and 2013, and, for the harnessing of water, we considered the roof of buildings in the Federal University of Acre -Campus Floresta, located in Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre. We calculated the monthly average of precipitation and the probability of its occurrence: 75%, 85% and 95%. We detected a slightly positive tendency in the pluviometric data when applying the Mann-Kendall test. We also applied the Pettitt test, however, it did not provide meaningful results for this series of precipitation. We verified a meaningful reduction in precipitation during the rainy season in the Amazon. The dry season showed a reduction in the length of its driest period, which indicates a change in the patterns and seasonality of precipitation in the region. Using the monthly rainfall can secure between 96.45% and 70.89% of the Campus water demand. The water surplus propitiated by the average precipitation thus probably guarantees between 75% and 85% of the water needs in Floresta Campus. Securing 95% of the demand requires complementation from August through to November or even December.
The mesoeucrocodylian record from the Bauru Group (Paraná Basin, Brazil) comes from three formations: Adamantina (Late Turonian-Early Maastrichtian), Presidente Prudente (Early Campanian-Early Maastrichtian) and Marília (Maastrichtian). These records are restricted to the Early Coniacian-Early Maastrichtian. Here, we report a new crocodyliform record from the Bauru Group, which was the fi rst of the Araçatuba Formation, from a new locality of Coronel Goulart district, in Álvares Machado municipality. Coronelsuchus civali gen. nov. et sp. nov. comprises two related specimens -FFP PG 13 and FFP PG 14 recovered close to each other and on the same muddy sandstone level. We perform a phylogenetic analysis with 392 characters (fi ve new added) and 88 taxa. Our analyses supported the new clades: Sphagesauria, Sphagesaurinae and Caipirasuchinae. Our phylogenetic results suggest C. civali as a basal Sphagesauria.Regarding the Crocodyliform Assemblage Zones (CAZ), the new species is correlated to the CAZ 1, together with small sphagesaurians, Caryonosuchus and itasuchids. The C. civali reveals an older appearing (pre-Turonian) and diversifi cation of Sphagesauria. The specimens also expand the stratigraphic range for Notosuchia in the Bauru Group.
R E S U M OObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, realizar a caracterização física das Bacias Hidrográficas do Igarapé Canela Fina e Igarapé Preto, ambas localizadas no município de Cruzeiro do Sul, AC. Para a classificação não supervisionada empregou-se o ISODATA através dos produtos do sensor TM, a bordo do satélite Landsat-5 fornecidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. O período avaliado se estende entre os anos de 2005 a 2010. Os resultados mostram um aumento médio de 48,11% em áreas desflorestadas para essas bacias e redução média em áreas florestadas de 50,58%, em consequência de intervenções antrópicas ocorridas ao longo dos últimos anos. As características físicas calculadas demonstraram similaridade entre as bacias hidrográficas, ambas respondem lentamente a eventos hidrológicos e, portanto, não propícias a enchentes. As modificações realizadas ao longo dos últimos anos na superfície das bacias hidrográficas alteraram possivelmente a dinâmica hídrica dos igarapés e os resultados obtidos indicam a eficiência do Sensoriamento Remoto e Sistema de Informação Geográfica na análise da dinâmica espaço-tempo da vegetação e caracterização morfométrica das bacias hidrográficas.Physical characterization of two hydrographical basins in Alto Juruá, Acre A B S T R A C TThe aim of this study was to report physical characterization of the hydrographical basins of Igarapé Canela Fina and Igarapé Preto, both located in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil. The ISODATA algorithm was used for the non-supervised classification, drawing on data provided by the TM Landsat 5 sensor from the National Institute for Space Research. The covered period of analysis was from 2005 to 2010. The analysis shows an average increase of 48.11% of deforested areas and a mean reduction of 50.58% in the forested areas for both basins, due to anthropic interventions over those five years. The analysis of physical characteristics shows similarities between the hydrographical basins, with both responding slowly to hydrological events, and thus providing conditions not favourable to flooding. Modifications conducted on the surface of the hydrographical basins along the last few years have, however, possibly altered the hydro dynamics of the rivers and streams. The preliminary results indicate that the Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems are efficient tools for the analysis of the space-time dynamics of vegetation and the morphometric characterization of hydrographical basins.Caracterização física em duas bacias hidrográficas do Alto Juruá, Acre
The record of unenlagiines in Brazil, except for one dorsal vertebra, is still under debate based on isolated teeth. Here, we describe Ypupiara lopai gen. et sp. nov., the first dromaeosaurid species from Brazil, from the Maastrichtian of the Bauru Group, Paran a Basin. The specimen consists of a partial right maxilla (with three teeth in loci) and a right dentary. Ypupiara is characterized by a restricted number of neurovascular foramina on the lateral surface of the maxilla, a rectangular and anteroposteriorly expanded interdental plate, and a labiolingual compression of the teeth, which have a labiolingual diameter more than 3/5 of the rostrocaudal diameter. Our phylogenetic analysis recovers Ypupiara as an unenlagiine based on the fluted teeth and places it as the sister taxon of Austroraptor due to the ratio of the labiolingual and mesiodistal diameters of the teeth being more than 3/5. We also erect the new group Unenlagiinia, which includes Unenlagiinae and Halszkaraptorinae. Ypupiara nests within Unenlagiinia based on the widely spaced teeth and the lack of mesial and distal carinae in the maxillary teeth. The morphology of the teeth is similar to Buitreraptor, although the proportions are markedly distinct. The teeth and comparisons with other Unenlagiinia also support fish being part of the diet for Ypupiara. We also performed a parsimony analysis of endemicity, which suggested that the presence of unenlagiines in Brazilian Upper Cretaceous outcrops is explained by dispersion or extinction events. The new species provides new information on the evolution of Gondwanan dromaeosaurids, and its preserved teeth provide new data to enable the assignment of isolated dromaeosaurid teeth from the Bauru Group.
The Solimões Formation is a southwest geological unit of the Brazilian Amazon, being well-known for the Cenozoic giant eusuchian fossils. Among the eight species of Crocodylia described for this formation, the alligatoroid Purussaurus brasiliensis is the best known worldwide due to its enormous size. The holotype was described in 1892 by Barbosa-Rodrigues, composed by a right hemimandible. Later, two other species were assigned to the genus, but the loss of the type specimen brought a series of doubts and discussions about genus and species validity. Here, we provide a historical reconstruction of the genus Purussaurus, especially with a new description of the specimen DGM 527-R, which was fi rst described by L. I. Price. We also provide a review of Purussaurus brasiliensis as a valid species, highlighting the importance of the paleontologist Diogenes de Almeida Campos to the preservation, study availability and divulgation of the specimen. From the six mandibular features discussed, at least two are putative synapomorphies for the genus: the false ziphodont teeth and the thinning of the medial surface of the mandible posterior to the fourteen alveoli, while the lateral surface become laterally expanded from ninth alveoli to behind. The review of the other species of the genus was aggravated due to little sampling of photos and low quality of those contributions. Finally, the curatorial efforts initiated by Price and kept for decades by Campos turned possible the revision of DGM 527-R, an important specimen for understanding the paleobiology and evolution of the genus, and, consequently P. brasiliensis. Such importance was recognized here scientifi cally and by Campos when considered this specimen as the center-piece of the exhibition in honor of the centenary anniversary of Price.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2023 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.