These results are consistent with the finding from the previous study that individualized homeopathic treatment decreases the duration of diarrhea and number of stools in children with acute childhood diarrhea.

Stools from 124 Nepalese children aged 6 to 60 months with diarrhea were examined for organisms of the coccidian genus Cyclospora and for other enteric pathogens. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Giardia lamblia, Campylobacter species, Cyclospora species, and Cryptosporidium species were the most common pathogens identified. Cyclospora species were detected in none of 74 children <18 months of age compared with 6 (12%) of 50 children >18 months of age (P ‫؍‬ 0.004).

No abstract

Abstract. Rotaviruses, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil, Salmonella, Shigella, and parasites were investigated in outpatient diarrheic children, and in hospitalized diarrheic and nondiarrheic children, between January 1976 and June 1979. In outpatient cases studied within 4 days of onset of symptoms, rotaviruses were the most common agents (45.3%); E. coil heatstable enterotoxin ranked second (13.4%); Shigella was third (8.1%); Salmonella was fourth (7.3%). In 63.2%, one or more enteric agents were detected. In hospitalized non-diarrheic children, asymptomatic shedding of pathogens was rarely observed. A later survey of outpatient diarrheic children revealed Campylobacter fetus jejuni in 8%. In 5.5 years of observation rotaviruses were endemic with excess frequency in the dry and cooler months of December and January. The excess occurrence of bacterial pathogens did not coincide with that of rotaviruses.Costa Rica has experienced a dramatic improvement in the quality of life, particularly in the last 2 decades. Potable water and latrinization have become a reality for nearly a 100% of the urban and for over 70% of the rural population.

Objective. Acute diarrhea is the leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. Oral rehydration treatment can prevent death from dehydration, but does not reduce the duration of individual episodes. Homeopathic treatment for acute diarrhea is used in many parts of the world. This study was performed to determine whether homeopathy is useful in the treatment of acute childhood diarrhea. Methodology. A randomized double-blind clinical trial comparing homeopathic medicine with placebo in the treatment of acute childhood diarrhea was conducted in León, Nicaragua, in July 1991. Eighty-one children aged 6 months to 5 years of age were included in the study. An individualized homeopathic medicine was prescribed for each child and daily follow-up was performed for 5 days. Standard treatment with oral rehydration treatment was also given. Results. The treatment group had a statistically significant (P &lt; .05) decrease in duration of diarrhea, defined as the number of days until there were less than three unformed stools daily for 2 consecutive days. There was also a significant difference (P &lt; .05) in the number of stools per day between the two groups after 72 hours of treatment. Conclusions. The statistically significant decrease in the duration of diarrhea in the treatment group suggests that homeopathic treatment might be useful in acute childhood diarrhea. Further study of this treatment deserves consideration.

The availability of a useful tool for simple and timely detection of the most important virulent varieties of Escherichia coli is indispensable. To this end, bacterial DNA pools which had previously been categorized were obtained from isolated colonies as well as selected in terms of utilized phenotype; the pools were aatA. This study is an initial step toward carrying out epidemiological field research that will reveal the presence of these bacterial varieties.

Objetivo: sistematizar los principales mecanismos de acción de los desinfectantes y describir mecanismos de resistencia comunes entre biocidas y antibióticos. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos entre 2000 y julio de 2019, sobre la relación entre la resistencia a biocidas y a los antibióticos, utilizando como palabras clave “antibiotic”, “biocide”, “resistance” y “bacteria”, en las bases de datos PubMed y Google Scholar. Conclusiones: existe numerosa evidencia científica que indica la relación entre bacterias resistentes a los desinfectantes y la adquisición de resistencia a los antibióticos, lo que implica un replanteamiento del uso de esas sustancias en diferentes contextos clínicos, con el fin de minimizar el impacto que puedan tener en la selección de microorganismos multirresistentes a los antibióticos. Descriptores: bacterias, desinfectantes, resistencia, antibióticos.

RESUMENObjetivos Investigar la prevalencia y sensibilidad de gérmenes aislados en recién nacidos hospitalizados en un hospital de referencia de Bogotá. Proponer un esquema antibiótico inicial en infecciones neonatales. Métodos Se analizaron los cultivos para aerobios y aerobios facultativos practicados entre febrero y diciembre del 2002. Los hemocultivos se procesaron en BacT/ALERT (Dirham, NC); los urocultivos en UROCULT (BioBacter) y las puntas de catéter en Tioglicolato. La identificación se hizo con BBL CRYSTAL (BD, Sparks, MD). La sensibilidad se determinó por difusión de disco. Resultados Fueron positivos 1 097 de 3 710 cultivos; se aislaron 64,3 % Gram-positivos, 30,6 % Gram-negativos y 4,9 % Candidas. Los Gram-positivos aislados fueron: estafilococos coagulasa negativa (64,2 %); Enterococcus (13,8 %) y estafilococos coagulasa positiva (13,3 %). Los Gram-negativos mas frecuentes fueron Klebsielas (45,2 %); Escherichia coli (30,9 %) y Serratias (10,1 %). El 64 % de los estafilococos coagulasa negativos fueron Stafilococcus epidermidis. La sensibilidad del S. epidermidis y los estafilococos coagulasa positivos a la vancomicina fue del 100 %. Hubo 86,4 % (IC95%: 82,3-89,9) de resistencia de los estafilococos coagulasa negativos a los beta-lactámicos. La sensibilidad de los Gram-negativos fue del 98,1 % REVISTA DE SALUD PÚBLICA • Volumen 7 (2), Julio 2005 192 (IC95%: 89,9-99,9) a imipenem, 78,1 % (IC95%: 64,9-88,2) a gentamicina y 46,6 % (IC95%: 28,3-65,7) a amikacina. Conclusiones Se encontró una alta prevalencia de estafilococos coagulasa negativos particularmente de S. epidermidis. No se observó resistencia de S. epidermidis ni estafilococos coagulasa positivos a vancomicina. Se observa resistencia creciente de los estafilcocos coagulasa negativos a oxacilina y de los Gram-negativos a amikacina Palabras Clave: Stafilococcus epidermidis, infecciones estafilocócicas, recién nacido, infección hospitalaria, tests de sensibilidad microbiana (fuente: DeCS, BIREME). ABSTRACT Microbiological profiling of isolates from the Neonatal Unit of a thirdlevel hospital in Bogotá, ColombiaObjectives Investigating the prevalence and sensitivity of germs isolated from newborn in a referral hospital in Bogotá. Suggesting an empirical antibiotic treatment for neonatal infection. Methods Cultures taken between February and December 2002 were analysed. Blood cultures were processed using BacT/ALERT (Durham, NC), urine cultures by UROCULT (Bio-Bacter) and catheter tips in thioglycollate. BBL CRYSTAL identification system (BD, Sparks, MD) was used for identifying germs. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by disk diffusion. Results There were 1,097 positive aerobic and facultative aerobic germ cultures; 64,3% were Gram-positive, 30,6% Gram-negative and 4,9% were yeasts. Gram-positive germs consisted of coagulase-negative staphylococci (64,2%), enterococcus (13,8%) and coagulase-positive staphylococci (13,3%). The most frequent Gram-negatives were Klebsiella (45,2 %), Eschericha coli (30,9 %) and Serratia (10,1%). Staphylococc...