Background:The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity of Pantaneiro sheep, using microsatellite markers, in order to assist maintenance and management plans, enhance mating systems and reduce the inbreeding rate. A total of 127 animals were genotyped at eight microsatellite loci. They belonged to populations from the Experimental Farm of the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD) (Dourados/MS/Brazil) and Embrapa Pantanal (Corumbá/MS/Brazil). Results: The population of Pantaneiro sheep from the UFGD exhibited a high mean number of alleles (11.13) and allelic richness (10.66). The polymorphic information content was highly informative in the locus studied, resulting in a mean value of 0.71. Observed heterozygosity was lower than expected for all molecular markers assessed. The analysis of molecular variance showed a differentiation rate of 5.2% between populations. Conclusions: The results of the statistical parameters indicated that populations of Pantaneiro sheep require special attention on herd management, and it's further necessary to implement breeder exchange programs in order to preserve the genetic variability of these populations. Furthermore, the maintenance of those populations in their typical habitats is rather required to allow different responses from the herds to the interactions between genotype and environment.

The objective of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters for test-day milk, fat and protein yields and 305-day-yields in Murrah buffaloes. 4,757 complete lactations of Murrah buffaloes were analyzed. Co-variance components were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood method. The models included additive direct genetic and permanent environmental effects as random effects, and the fixed effects of contemporary group, milking number and age of the cow at calving as linear and quadratic covariables. Contemporary groups were defined by herd-year-month of test for test-day yields and by herd-year-season of calving for 305-day yields. The heritability estimates obtained by two-trait analysis ranged from 0.15 to 0.24 for milk, 0.16 to 0.23 for protein and 0.13 to 0.22 for fat, yields. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were all positive. The observed population additive genetic variation indicated that selection might be an effective tool in changing population means in milk, fat and protein yields.

The state of Mato Grosso do Sul has a genetic origin of animals native Sulmatogrossense that has been highly adapted and highly productive and reproductive potential, these animals exhibit a combination of alleles that are close to the south and tossed races wooless Northeast , thus paving the way for the possibility of creating a new race. The sheep of this group do not exhibit reproductive seasonality may produce up to 1.5 lambs per year. They also have high yield potential and can earn up 350g/day, thereby providing early animals slaughtered within 6 months of age weighing 40 kg and may have a carcass yield of 50%. Herd animals with wool, the wool can be considered a byproduct of great importance. So keep the characteristics of these animals is of paramount importance, both to collaborate with the regional sheep production, as if to offer an additional option to breed to be created and used in sheep production systems.

RESUMO -Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de calcular valores econômicos para as produções de leite (PL), gordura (PG) e proteína (PP) em um sistema de produção de bubalinos leiteiros do estado de São Paulo. Foi desenvolvido um modelo bioeconômico para cálculo do desempenho produtivo, das receitas e dos custos de um rebanho comercial com produção de leite a pasto, suplementação com volumoso na seca e com concentrado durante todo o ano, de acordo com a produção de leite. Os valores econômicos foram calculados pela diferença marginal no lucro anual da fazenda, resultante da mudança em uma unidade da característica, mantendo-se as demais constantes. Foram analisados dois sistemas com diferentes objetivos de seleção: leite -produção de leite para venda ao laticínio; mozarela -produção de leite para fabricação (na própria fazenda) e venda de mozarela. Foram realizadas análises de sensibilidade para avaliar o impacto da mudança nos preços do concentrado, do leite e da mozarela sobre os valores econômicos das características estudadas. Os valores econômicos (R$) para as produções de leite, gordura e proteína no sistema leite foram, respectivamente, 0,71; -0,74 e -0,82 e, para o sistema mozarela, 3,05; 18,66 e 54,38 e indicam que, na política de pagamento vigente, a seleção para a produção de gordura e proteína não é desejável em sistemas de produção cujo objetivo exclusivo é a produção e venda do leite. A agregação da produção de mozarela ao processo produtivo desses sistemas poderia ser economicamente interessante, desde que houvesse a disponibilidade de recursos financeiros.Palavras-chave: bubalinos, modelagem, mozarela, produção de gordura, produção de proteína Economic values for milk production traits of dairy buffaloes in São Paulo StateABSTRACT -This study was aimed at calculating the economic values for milk (MY), fat (FY) and protein (PY) yields for a dairy buffalo production system in São Paulo State. The performance, revenues and costs were estimated based on a bioeconomic model developed for a herd of dairy buffaloes raised in a grazing system, with roughage supply during the dry season and concentrate throughout the year. Economic values were calculated from the marginal difference of annual profit resulting from the increase of one unity of the trait, keeping the others constant. Two different commercial systems were considered: 1) The milk production is sold to industry (MILK) and 2) The milk is used to produce mozzarella cheese on the farm (MOZZARELLA). Sensitivity analyses were carried out to evaluate the impact of changes in concentrate, milk and mozzarella prices on the economic values. The economic values of MY, FY and PY respectively in the MILK and in the MOZZARELLA system were R$ 0.71; R$ -0.74 and R$ -0.82 and R$ 3.05; R$ 18.66 and R$ 54.38. These results suggest that under the current payment policy it is not desirable to improve fat and protein yields when the revenues are based on selling the milk production. The production of mozzarella on the farm may be economically interesting to t...

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi verifi car a efi ciência da co-digestão anaeróbia dos dejetos suínos com crescentes níveis de adição de óleo de descarte e lipase. Foram testadas quatro doses de óleos (8, 12, 16 A biodigestão anaeróbia apresenta-se como uma excelente alternativa para o tratamento e reciclagem energética dos nutrientes contidos nos dejetos de suínos, reduzindo o potencial poluidor e os riscos sanitários, além de promover a geração do biogás.No entanto os rendimentos de biogás podem variar em função da qualidade do resíduo adicionado ao biodigestor e grau de diluição, conforme observado por ORRICO JÚNIOR et al. (2010)