RESUMOForam avaliadas 7 espécies da mastofauna e 36 da avifauna quanto à prevalência e intensidade de infestação por carrapatos na ESALQ/USP, no Município de Piracicaba, SP. Analisaram-se 52 indivíduos da mastofauna e 158 da avifauna, parasitados por 12418 carrapatos. Os exemplares adultos (N= 7343) foram encontrados em parasitismo nas capivaras enquanto que os imaturos foram, na maioria, coletados de pequenos mamíferos e aves. Os principais hospedeiros para as formas imaturas, em ordem decrescente, foram gambás (69,1%), capivaras (24,4%) e urubus (3,7% Seven species of mammals and 36 of birds were investigated to determine the tick prevalence and intensity of infestation. The study was conducted at the Esalq/USP in Piracicaba municipality, State of São Paulo. It was collected 52 mammals and 158 birds parasitized by 12,418 ticks. Adult ticks (N= 7,343) were found on capybaras, while the immature were mainly collected on small mammals and birds. The main hosts for immatures in descending order were opossums (69.1%), capybara (24.4%) and black vultures (3.7%). Among the avifauna, the black vulture (Cathartidae) had the heaviest infestation (69.9%) followed by species of the Thamnophilidae and Turdidae families. Adult ticks collected on capybaras were A. cajennense (80.8%) and A. dubitatum (19.2%). Both tick species were also found on opossums corresponding to 72.4% and 27.6%, respectively. Due to easy capture and attractiveness for ticks, opossums could be used as bioindicators in Brazilian zoonotic areas with spotted fever. Considering the prevalence and also abundance of ticks, host attractiveness, proliferation and susceptibly for R. rickettsi infection, capybaras and opossums are the main amplifying hosts for this microorganism at the ESALQ/Campus, while horses, black vultures and stray cats act as secondary hosts.
This paper proposes a single-stage AC-DC rectifier with power factor correction (PFC), high-frequency isolation and bidirectional power conversion capability for on-board battery charger (OBC) applications. The proposed converter is based on the interleaving technique and the Dual Active Bridge (DAB) operation, applying the phase-shift control to regulate the power flow. In addition to topology, this article presents a control strategy for reducing low-frequency power ripples transferred to the secondary side without any additional component and hence maintaining overall size and cost. The single-phase OBC can interchange active power with the grid to charge batteries while performing grid-to-vehicle (G2V) functionality or transferring energy back to the grid via vehicle-to-grid (V2G) mode. The theoretical analysis of the converter including modulation strategy and feedback control scheme are presented. The proposed topology and control strategy have been verified by experimental results of a 650 W SiC-based prototype.
Este artigo apresenta uma nova estratégia de modulação do conversor CA-CC monofásico bidirecional, isolado em alta frequência, de único estágio e com correção do fator de potência,destinado para aplicação como carregador de baterias embarcado de veículos elétricos. Os interruptores do lado primário do conversor operam sob a modulação por largura de pulso (PWM) senoidal, permitindo correção do fator de potência e transferindo a energia da rede elétrica a um barramento CC. Após o transformador, o lado secundário é composto por uma estrutura em ponte completa em que os interruptores são comandados em alta frequência com razão cíclica fixa de 50%. Para a transferência da energia armazenada do barramento CC primário para a saída emprega-se a técnica de deslocamento de fase (phase-shift), utilizada em conversores DAB. Desta forma são desenvolvidas análises teóricas e equacionamentos utilizando-se da nova modulação, sendo validadas por resultados experimentais com um protótipo de potência de 500 W, tensão de entrada de 127 V/ 60 Hz e tensão de saída de 300 V.
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