The article examines the state of the waste management system in St. Petersburg over the past 25 years. It is shown that over 25 years, the environmental damage to the waste management system in St. Petersburg has increased 2.22 times, which indicates that the system has not been practically improved over the past years. Throughout the 25 years under consideration, the bulk of the solid municipal waste generated in St. Petersburg has been exported to the landfill, which is approximately 88 % of their total amount. The remaining 12 % is processed into compost at waste recycling plants. At the moment, in St. Petersburg there is a system for collecting hazardous waste from the population, which includes: hazardous waste collection points "Ecopoints", mobile hazardous waste collection points "Ecomobiles", metal terminals for receiving hazardous waste "Ecoterminals", as well as those designed to receive spent batteries, i.e. batteries "Ecoboxes" installed in specially selected places convenient for citizens. The work of the city's hazardous waste collection system from the population has been carried out since 2010, it is being improved, and is aimed at extracting hazardous waste generated by residents of St. Petersburg from the total volume of solid municipal waste generated by them. In conclusion, it is concluded that in the future in St. Petersburg it is necessary to develop directions for reducing the amount of waste exported to landfills by separating organic fraction from the main stream of municipal solid waste coming for processing, separating hazardous waste from them, as well as using high-quality sorting and deep processing of incoming solid streams municipal waste with the extraction of useful fractions from them, which can be used as secondary raw materials and for energy production
The analysis of the state of the MSW management system in St. Petersburg was carried out and its comparison with waste management systems in the EU countries was carried out. It is shown that the efficiency of the MSW management system in St. Petersburg is low. A methodology for assessing the economic and environmental efficiency of MSW management systems is proposed. It is shown that with the implementation of the adopted MSW management system in St. Petersburg, revenue for one year can be achieved in the amount of 1,590.788 million rubles.
<p>The development of civilization is accompanied by a continuous increase in the production of various types of waste, especially municipal solid waste (MSW). The problem of rational MSW management has become one of the most pressing global challenges [1].</p><p>The countries which joined the EU in the middle of the last century can serve as examples of establishing effective MSW management systems. Presently, the amount of recycled MSW in these countries is rather high: recycling constitutes &#8211; 30&#8211;40%; incineration &#8211; 30&#8211;50%; composting &#8211; 18&#8211;20%; the amount of MSW disposed of at a landfill has been reduced to 1&#8211;3%. All these factors made it possible to increase the MSW revenues in Germany 4.8 times over the last 25 years; in Sweden &#8211; 3.29 times; in Denmark &#8211; 2.76 times, and in the Netherlands &#8211; 3.06 times.</p><p>Based on the above data, a conclusion can be made about the expediency of implementing MSW&#160;management in Russia. &#160;</p><p>Thus, if we consider the creation of such a system for Saint Petersburg generating 1.82 million tons of MSW annually and recycling 40% of MSW, incinerating 35%, composting 23% and landfilling 2%, then an estimated revenue from the implementation of secondary raw materials can be determined:</p><p>C=M<sub>1</sub>xC<sub>1</sub>+M<sub>2</sub>xC<sub>2</sub>+M<sub>3</sub>xC<sub>3</sub>-M<sub>4</sub>xC<sub>4</sub></p><p>where: M<sub>1 </sub>&#8211;&#160;the mass of MSW realized by the allocation of secondary raw materials,&#160;M<sub>2 </sub>&#8211; incineration, M<sub>3 </sub>&#8211; composting, M<sub>4 </sub>&#8211; landfill,</p><p>C<sub>1 </sub>&#8211; specific revenue from the implementation of secondary raw materials, C<sub>1</sub>=1254 &#160;ruble/tonne [2],</p><p>C<sub>2 </sub>&#8211; &#1052;SW incineration, C<sub>2</sub>=850&#160; ruble/tonne [3],</p><p>C<sub>3 </sub>&#8211; MSW composting, C<sub>3</sub>=400&#160; ruble/tonne [2],</p><p>C<sub>4 </sub>&#8211; MSW disposal, C<sub>4</sub>=350&#160; ruble/tonne [2].</p><p>The amount of MSW in Saint Petersburg (million tons): secondary raw materials &#8211; 0,72, &#160;energy &#8211; 0,65, compost &#8211; 0,418, landfill &#8211; 0,032.</p><p>Then the revenue from the implementation of secondary raw materials per annual volume of MSW in Saint Petersburg will be:</p><p>C = 902,288 + 535,5 + 165,6 &#8211; 12,6 = 1,590,788 million rubles.</p><p>The specific revenue indicator for Saint Petersburg MSW per person is as follows:</p><p>C<sub>p</sub>=1590,788/5,392992=294,9 ruble/person.</p><p>In order to implement the considered option of a city-wide program, it is necessary to establish the&#160;following enterprises:</p><p>&#8211; processing of secondary raw materials &#8211; four plants with a capacity of 180 thousand tons each;</p><p>&#8211; &#1052;SW incineration &#8211; four plants with a capacity of 160 thousand tons each;</p><p>&#8211; MSW composting &#8211; two plants with a capacity of 207 thousand tons each;</p><p>&#8211; MSW disposal &#8211; two landfills with a capacity of 18 thousand tons each.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p><ul><li>The established systems of MSW management in European countries are highly economically efficient, processing 97&#8211;98% of the produced MSW.</li> <li>The creation of a similar MSW management system in Saint Petersburg will significantly improve the&#160;environmental conditions of the city and generate 1,590,788 million rubles in revenue annually.</li> </ul><p><strong>References</strong></p><ul><li>L.S. Ventsiulis, A.N. Chusov. <em>Municipal Solid Waste is One of the Main Environmental Problems in&#160;Russia</em>. Saint Petersburg: Polytechnic University Press, 2017. &#8211; page 208.</li> <li>Program to improve the system of collection, transportation and disposal of waste in the Primorsky district of Saint Petersburg. Estimation of revenue from the processing of separately collected waste, 2011.</li> <li>D.I. Kofman, M.M. Vostrikov. <em>Thermal Destruction and Neutralization of Waste</em>. Saint Petersburg, NPO&#160;Professional, 2013. &#8211; page 340.</li> </ul>
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