Social scientists have examined the problem of attachment to the New England fisheries in terms of two interacting influences: work satisfaction, based on questionnaire interviews, and attachment to kin and community, based on ethnographic field research. There is a paucity of equivalent information for the Maritimes. This study replicates the New England work satisfaction studies, and includes additional questions concerning community attachment. We demonstrate that fishermen in southwest Nova Scotia are, in contrast with their New England counterparts, satisfied with all questions about their work (save for the common dissatisfaction with government officials found in both the Nova Scotia and New England samples). In particular, although offshore fishermen in southwest Nova Scotia tend to be somewhat less satisfied than those who fish inshore or both inshore and offshore, they have, by comparison with the New Bedford fishermen, scores that are over the "neutral value" on all time and adventure questions. The underlying factors of job satisfaction are comparable with those in the New England studies, except that the factors in our data are more numerous and simpler to interpret. High job satisfaction is combined with strong community attachments in southwest Nova Scotia.
The problem of entrepreneurship has been one of the central interests of economic theorists since the industrial revolution. Discussions of the entrepreneur in such theory tended to a large extent to focus upon the basis of entrepreneurship. This argument is typified by Schumpeter's criticism of Marx's handling of the problem of primitive accumulation; Schumpeter argues against the rejection by Marx of superior intelligence and energy as explanatory factors in entrepreneurial success.Nobody who looks at historical and contemporaneous fact with anything like an unbiased mind can fail to observe that this children's tale, while far from telling the whole truth, yet tells a good deal of it. Supernormal intelligence and energy account for industrial success and in particular for the founding of industrial positions in nine cases out of ten. 2 Aside from reiterating the importance of such factors, he adds no information explaining how such people are recruited to entrepreneurial activity, or telling us if energy and intelligence are all that characterise such individuals.Recent years have seen the examination of the question of entrepreneurship come to the fore again, albeit in a somewhat different form. The more recent discussion rather than assuming that entrepreneurs are more intelligent and energetic, has focused upon the social and psychological corollaries of entrepreneurship. This paper concerns itself with aspects of the more recent discussion.One of the by-products of the current interest in economic development has been the attempt to relate the personality characteristics which typify entrepreneurs to the social groups with which they have affiliations. One of these attempts has been made by Everett Hagen in his book On the Theory of 1 I wish to acknowledge with thanks the constructive comments of Manning Nash, G. P. Murdock and Sylvia Thrupp. My special thanks are due to Julian Pitt-Rivers who first introduced me to the literature on the Basques.
Despite massive federal/provincial government financial and policy interventions in the Atlantic Canadian Fisheries, relations between small boat fishermen and various levels of the state are rife with a pervasive alienation, distrust and conflict. This essay examines attributes and consequences of state intervention in the fisheries. Small boat fishermen’s increasing dependence on state-controlled resources and the non-consultative bureaucratic style of government are considered to be primary factors intensifying alienation, distrust and conflict. Two cases of conflict in Southwest Nova Scotia are described and discussed in order to illustrate the attributes and processes associated with this condition.
This paper reports briefly on the political attitudes and behaviour of fishermen in southwest Nova Scotia. On the basis of some recently gathered survey data, we show that these fishermen are considerably more alienated than a comparable sample of workers in the Maritimes, and that they are also somewhat more likely to be politically active. In this context, we discuss some recent conflicts between the fishermen and the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans, and speculate about comparative differences in involvement in policy processes between Canada and the United States.
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