A comprehensive photocurrent spectra analysis of the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MEH-PPV/Al devices with three different poly-(2-metoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene) or MEH-PPV thin-film thicknesses is used to investigate charge carrier photogeneration in this polymer. The photocurrent is calculated based on the hole polaron drift-diffusion model including Poole-Frenkel (P-F) transport. Two mechanisms (monomolecular and Langevin-type bimolecular) for hole polaron recombination are considered separately. The MEH-PPV absorption coefficient spectra dependence on the thin film thickness is experimentally determined and included in our model. By comparing the simulated photocurrent spectra to measured data in the wide range of bias voltages and for devices with different MEH-PPV film thicknesses the polaron photogeneration quantum efficiency (θp) as a function of the electric field is extracted. The θp curves obtained for different devices are perfectly fitted by the P-F expression. It is shown that polaron photogeneration process in the thin MEH-PPV films is affected by the film thickness. A unique polaron photogeneration model which accounts for the field and thickness dependences is achieved when one of the P-F parameters is left to be thickness dependent.
We investigated the possibility of doping poly (sodium poly[2-(3-thienyl)-ethoxy-4butylsulfonate) (PTEBS) with perylene tetracarboxylicdiimide (PTCDI) nanobelts through ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements. For our experiment, PTEBS was tuned to absorb maximum light in the range of 450 nm to 550 nm which corresponds to the maximum solar irradiance of the Earth's atmosphere. Nanobelts of PTCDI were synthesized by gas phase self assembly process. Doping PTEBS with PTCDI nanobelts causes a shift in the Fermi level of the composite material with respect to the vacuum level as observed in the photoemission spectrum. With increased PTCDI doping, PTCDI does not act much like an electron donor, but more like an electron acceptor. The peaks corresponding to the sigma bonds shift towards the vacuum level with higher concentrations of the dopant. Using angled resolved photoemission spectra from a 3m toroidal grating monochromator, PTEBS displays change in the highest occupied molecular orbital in respect to its Fermi level when the side groups were substituted by H + or OHgroups. The results confirm that the binding energy decreases with increase in activity of the dissolved hydrogen ions. It is evident that there is an increase in the density of states near the Fermi level and shifts to lower binding energies of the occupied molecular orbitals with pH level decrease, which is in agreement with the published optical absorption characteristics of PTEBS. Since UPS data confirm that PTCDI nanobelts dope PTEBS, along with its tunable absorption characteristics, this composite might be a promising material for optoelectronic application.
In this paper we investigate different processes which lead to charge carrier generation in ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MEH-PPV/Al photodetector.Primary photogenerated singlet excitons contribute the photocurrent directly through dissociation on the electrodes. Singlet exciton distribution in the active area of the photodetector is calculated on the base of continuity equation including exciton generation, diffusion, and recombination. Depending on the applied electric field and incident photon flux secondary charge carrier generation processes appear in the active MEH-PPV film. Two bulk charge generation mechanisms are considered. Nonlinear recombination of excitons through exciton-exciton annihilation leads to electron and hole polaron generation. Exciton states are also depopulated by exciton dissociation in the presence of high electric field. We assume hole polarons to be majority charge carriers. Polaron contribution to photocurrent is calculated by solving the continuity and drift-diffusion equations for these carriers. Photocurrent spectra are measured for different bias voltages and different incident photon flux intensities. A good agreement between experimental and simulated data confirms our theoretical approach.
One of widely investigated materials for photodiode, light-emitting device, and solar cell applications is a soluble conjugated polymer poly(2-methoxy-5- (2,9-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) or MEH-PPV. In this paper we present experimental results on MEH-PPV polymer and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MEH-PPV/Al photodetector, where ITO and PEDOT:PSS stand for indium tin oxide and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), respectively. Thin polymer films were fabricated by spin-coating technique. The characterization of the material and devices are done in air at room temperature. The experimental results include optical absorption of MEH-PPV and determination of the optical absorption coefficient, photocurrent dependence on optical power, light wavelength, bias voltage, and polymer thin film thickness. Theoretical modeling is based on drift-diffusion and continuity equations for hole polarons, as well as assumption that the charge carrier recombination process is bimolecular. The bimolecular recombination mechanism implies that the photocurrent depends on the square root of the optical power, which is confirmed with our experimental results.
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