In this article, Kimberley Porteus and colleagues analyse the factors underlying school non‐attendance in three poor, marginalised communities in South Africa. The findings reveal that ‘poverty’, including the interaction between physical, social and psychological factors, has by far the greatest influence on children's being out of school. The study concludes that poverty needs to be addressed as a priority if the very notion of ‘inclusion’ is to have meaning in South African society.
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