Systemic inequities in educational opportunities contribute to reduced economic mobility. Extensive research has documented disproportionality in gifted education at national and state levels. However, limited research examines inequities in gifted education within districts. Informed by critical systems theory (CST), this research provides an analysis of the Gifted Gap in a school district serving a growing metropolitan area with surprisingly limited economic mobility. Results reveal underrepresentation of students experiencing poverty, and Black and Latinx students of all socioeconomic groups in gifted education programs. Inequities in gifted education create systemic barriers including reduced enrollment in Advanced Placement (AP) courses, a factor that impedes college completion and participation in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) research and innovation. Reducing gifted education disproportionality is a promising way to increase economic mobility and broaden participation in STEM.
Marine organisms experience abiotic stressors such as fluctuations in temperature, UV radiation, salinity, and oxygen concentration. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) assist in the response of cells to these stressors by refolding and maintaining the activity of damaged proteins. The well-conserved Hsp70 chaperone family is essential for cell viability as well as the response to stress. Organisms possess a variety of Hsp70 isoforms that differ slightly in amino acid sequence, yet very little is known about their functional relevance. In this study, we undertook analysis of three principal Hsp70 isoforms NvHsp70A, B, and D from the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. The functionality of Hsp70 isoforms in the starlet sea anemone was assessed through transcriptional analysis and by heterologous expression in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Interestingly, these isoforms were found to not only differ in expression under stress but also appear to have functional differences in their ability to mediate the cellular stress program. These results contribute to an understanding of Hsp70 isoform specificity, their shared and unique roles in response to acute and chronic environmental stress, and the potential basis of local adaptation in populations of N. vectensis.
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