Департамент научно-технологической политики и образования Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Российский научно-исследовательский институт информации и технико-экономических исследований по инженерно-техническому обеспечению агропромышленного комплекса»
Due to the well-known advantages, rotary tillage implements are widely used in the cultivation of many agricultural crops. Structurally, the working units of rotary implements are located (installed) on the frame, as a rule, sequentially one after the other. This reduces the maneuverability of the tillage unit, increases the material consumption of the implement and the energy consumption of the technological operation. In the rotary tillage tool developed at Kazan State Agrarian University for pre-sowing soil cultivation, these disadvantages are eliminated by installing a spiral-screw working unit and a section of active ellipsoidal needle disks on the frame coaxially. The research was carried out in order to determine and substantiate the design parameters of the elliptical needle disk. A theoretical dependence is obtained to substantiate the angle α of inclination of the major axis of the ellipsoid disk to the axis of rotation. It was revealed that its rational value must correspond to the condition: α> 44°…62°. An expression for determining the number of needles on a disk is given. The calculation carried out with a disk diameter D= 0.4 m, an angle α= 65 °, an indicator of a kinematic mode λ= 2, a mulching depth a= 0.04 m, a ridging h= 0.004 m showed that a rational number of needles per disc k= 16. Analytically, a theoretical expression for determining the angle of inclination of the needles to the axis of rotation has been derived. The calculation performed at α= 65 ° revealed that the first needle is inclined to the axis of rotation at a minimum angle jmin= 65 °, the fifth and thirteenth needles are inclined to the axis of rotation at an angle of 90 °, the ninth needle is inclined to the axis of rotation at a maximum angle jmax= 115 °. Also obtained are theoretical dependences for determining the angle of attachment of the needles on the hub and the length of the needles along the entire perimeter of the disk. The calculation showed that each needle is fixed on the disc hub at its calculated angle of inclination, equal to 29.0°...32.6°, and the length of the needles along the perimeter of the hub varies within 0.1372 ... 0.1503 m
To improve the quality of pre-sowing/secondary tillage, the Kazan State Agrarian University has developed a soil-tillage machinery unit that, unlike other tools, contains a helical spiral and needle ellipsoid disks coaxially mounted on a horizontal shaft. A passive helical spiral creates a compacted seed bed at the depth of seed placement. Needle-shaped ellipsoidal disks are active and they provide mulching of the surface soil layer. The paper presents the parametric equations (derived in the analytical way) of some motion points that are placed on the cutting blade of a helical spiral. Also, we introduce the equations applied to determine the velocity of the motion points and accelerations, which together allow us to analyze how the machinery working body interacts with soil. Theoretical connections are also given to substantiate the main structural parameters of a spiral-helical machinery unit.
To improve the quality of pre-sowing soil tillage in the Republic of Tatarstan, a tillage implement has been developed, which, unlike other designs, contains a helical spiral and needle ellipsoid disks coaxially mounted on a horizontal shaft. Passive helix creates a compacted seed bed at the depth of seed placement; needle ellipsoidal disks are active and provide mulching of the surface soil layer. A preliminary analysis of the processes of interaction of the working unit with the soil is possible on the basis of the parametric equations of motion of individual points of the cutting edges of the helical spiral, as well as expressions for determining their speeds and accelerations. The design parameters selected during the calculation and design of the proposed rotary combined tool should ensure that the helical spiral enters the soil with sliding. Otherwise, the traction resistance of the unit increases. To justify the basic design parameters of a spiral-screw working unit, preliminary construction of theoretical dependences is also necessary. According to the calculation results, the points of the cutting edge of the helical spiral make a complex movement in space when the gun moves. The components of the speed and acceleration of these points are variable parameters, which contributes to the active crumbling of the soil and the destruction of its lumps. The optimal design parameters of the working unit of the gun: the diameter of the helical spiral is 0.470 m; the angle of inclination of the helical spiral (the angle of the helix) - 10 ° ... 25 °; the angle of inclination of the large side of the strip to the generatrix of the cylindrical surface that describes the helical spiral is 25 ° ... 30 °
The research was carried out with the aim of theoretically determining the traction resistance of a rotary tillage tool for pre-sowing soil cultivation. When developing theoretical prerequisites, we used the results of previous studies by various authors, as well as a rational formula proposed by Academician V.P. Goryachkin to determine the traction resistance of the plow. The traction resistance Pt of the rotary tillage tool is made up of the traction resistance of the spiral-screw working body ( ) and the traction resistance of the section of ellipsoidal needle discs ( ). In turn, the traction resistance depends on the forces of resistance of the soil to rolling, friction and crushing, the traction resistance consists of the forces of resistance of the soil to friction, cutting and throwing away. According to the final equation, the traction resistance of the rotary tillage tool depends on the design (the gravity of the spiral-screw working body, the diameters of the spiral-screw working body and ellipsoidal needle disks, the angle of inclination of the forming surface of the spiral-screw working body to the soil surface, the number of needles on the ellipsoidal disk , the angle of inclination of the hub of the elliptical needle disc to the axis of rotation, the number of elliptical needle discs in the section), kinematic (translational speed of the implement, cutting speed of the soil, the indicator of the kinematic mode), technological (width of the tool grasp, depth of soil mulching, width of soil shavings, number of needles simultaneously in the soil, the coefficient taking into account the surface roughness of the spiral-screw working body) parameters, as well as the physical, mechanical and technological properties of the soil (density, rolling resistance coefficient, sliding friction coefficient, coefficient of resistivity to cutting, coefficient of volumetric crushing, coefficient of rejection). The resulting expression can be used to determine the traction resistance of similar tillage machines and rotary-type implements
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