Cognitive deficits are common in multiple sclerosis (MS), necessitating diagnosis and constant monitoring. However, frequent neuropsychological assessments are costly and not always feasible. A computerized assessment of basic cognitive functions could contribute to better patient care in this regard. The primary cognitive inventory of the Memory and Attention Test (MAT-COBI) constitutes such a tool. In this feasibility study, we tested N = 44 patients with MS with a standardized neuropsychological assessment consisting of established screening procedures (Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS [BICAMS] and Brief Repeatable Battery [BRB] and three subtests of the Test Battery of Attentional Performance (TAP). The results of these procedures were considered a gold standard for assessing which patients were cognitively impaired or cognitively unaffected. We also administered the MAT-COBI and compared the results to the gold standard. While the results of an exploratory correlation analysis pointed toward the interpretation that the the MAT-COBI adequately operationalized the basic cognitive domains of attention, memory, and executive, sensitivity was insufficient (32.3 %), while specificity reached 92.3 %. A closer look at the single cognitive domains showed marginal differences across domains (sensitivity ranged from 0–24 %, specificity: 89.5 %-100 %). Based on these results, the MAT-COBI does not appear to be a suitable tool for differentiating between cognitively preserved and cognitively impaired patients with MS. We discuss possible explanations and implications for automated cognitive diagnostics.
Die Multiple Sklerose (MS) gilt als die häufigste chronisch-entzündliche ZNS-Erkrankung des jungen Erwachsenenalters. Der Krankheitsverlauf kann sehr variabel sein und die Behandlung erfordert oft auch ein fundiertes neuropsychologisches Fachwissen. In diesem Band werden zunächst grundlegende Kenntnisse über das Störungsbild, Ätiologie, Pathogenese und Störungstheorien dargestellt. Anschließend werden elementare neuropsychologische Kenntnisse für die fundierte Erfassung kognitiver Beeinträchtigungen vermittelt. Dabei wird auch auf die bei MS häufig auftretenden Faktoren Fatigue und Depressivität als wichtige zusätzliche Aspekte eingegangen. Darauf aufbauend werden die Möglichkeiten neuropsychologischer Therapie bei MS diskutiert. Ein beispielhafter Aufbau einer achtsamkeitsbasierten Intervention wird vorgestellt. Schließlich wird anhand eines ausführlichen Fallbeispiels das komplexe Zusammenwirken neuropsychologischer, psychosozialer und affektiver Variablen beleuchtet.
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