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One of the main goals of education policy is to enhance educational outcomes. If resources are used inefficiently, they will fail to maximise those outcomes. Data Envelopment Analysis was used to calculate technical efficiency of public spending on education for EU-28 using the latest higher education statistics available. Focusing on European higher education, conceptual and methodological issues related to the measurement and analysis of efficiency were discussed. The most efficient countries are identified and also countries for which real efficiency improvements are possible. A novel set of variables is used to highlight more appropriately the distinctiveness of the higher education sector and the relationship between input and outputs. The advantage of using Data Envelopment Analysis is that it identifies the best performing decision, making units and not the averages. This type of information about the efficiency of public spending on education is of importance to many parties. It can be used to promote ‘yardstick’ competition in the areas of education where the lack of market mechanisms is apparent, guide policy proposals, and to enhance the monitoring of education. Key words: efficiency in education, higher education, public spending, data envelopment analysis, European Union.

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This paper analyses spatial impact of government expenditures on education on economic growth in the EU28 countries during the period 2004–2013. Employing a novel econometric technique that allows for the estimation of spatial spillovers, our results indicate that government expenditures on education significantly and positively infl uence GDP growth. Moreover, the indirect i.e. the spillover effects are quite large suggesting that the growth models should account for spatial interdependencies. Precisely, we find that education expenditures in one country affect GDP growth in the neighbouring countries, meaning that these spillovers are geographical in nature. Moreover, we find that the degree of interdependence among countries varies according to the average GDP per capita even if their geographical distances are identical. Additionally, immigration is found to be an important channel of spatial transmission.

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This study explores cross-country variations in the size of the effects of a monetary policy shock on output using the sample of 48 developed and developing countries. The structural vector autoregression model is used to estimate monetary policy effects for each country separately. Based on the estimated impulse responses, we construct a measure of the short-run monetary policy effect on output, which is used as the dependent variable in a cross-country regression. Our results suggest that the effects of monetary policy shock on output are significantly influenced by trade openness, exchange rate regime, correlation with the US and for European countries with the German economy, and the development of the banking sector.

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