Cancer is an incurable disease, and the treatment process is extremely painful. Early detection may ease the treatment process and prevent cancer from spreading beyond the primary disease area. However, conventional screening tests have long detection times and lack the required sensitivity for early detection. Consequently, traditional cancer biosensors, including ARMS, digital PCR, next generation sequencing (NGS), western blot, electrochemical, and mechanical biosensors, have been studied in recent years. Specifically, field effect transistor (FET) biosensors, are attractive pocketable devices with short detection time capabilities. Because FET biosensors have outstanding electrical and mechanical properties, FET biosensors have been studied for their efficacy in the early detection of cancer. Traditional detection methods of cancer biomarkers include the use of FET biosensors for the detection of cancer biomarkers, especially gene, antigen, and protein characteristics. This review presents the latest strategies in FET applications in cancer biosensing and compares their advantages and disadvantages regarding sensing principle, configuration, and performance. Especially, FET biosensors for the detection of cancer biomarkers, which include antibodies, nucleic acids, proteins are highlighted. Mechanical and electrical properties of FET devices and their effect on performance is discussed. This review provides a guiding role in the design and development of FET-based biosensors.
Sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (Six1) is an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor that acts as master regulator of development and is frequently dysregulated in various types of cancer. Six1 has been demonstrated to be upregulated in human osteosarcoma cell lines compared with osteoblastic cell lines. However, the association of Six1 expression with the progression and prognosis of osteosarcoma patients remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between Six1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of osteosarcoma. Six1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in a series of 100 osteosarcoma patients, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to assess prognosis. The results revealed that increased Six1 protein expression was prevalent in osteosarcoma and was significantly associated with Enneking stage (P=0.002) and tumor size (P=0.010). Additionally, according to the log-rank test and Cox regression model, expression of Six1 is indicated to be an independent prognostic factor in osteosarcoma patients. In summary, positive expression of Six1 protein is closely associated with the tumor progression and poor survival of osteosarcoma patients. The results suggest that Six1 is a overexpressed in individuals with poor prognosis, and may thus be used as a prognostic biomarker in patients with osteosarcoma.
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