Recent advances in field effect transistor biosensor technology for cancer detection: a mini review

Abstract

Cancer is an incurable disease, and the treatment process is extremely painful. Early detection may ease the treatment process and prevent cancer from spreading beyond the primary disease area. However, conventional screening tests have long detection times and lack the required sensitivity for early detection. Consequently, traditional cancer biosensors, including ARMS, digital PCR, next generation sequencing (NGS), western blot, electrochemical, and mechanical biosensors, have been studied in recent years. Specifically, field effect transistor (FET) biosensors, are attractive pocketable devices with short detection time capabilities. Because FET biosensors have outstanding electrical and mechanical properties, FET biosensors have been studied for their efficacy in the early detection of cancer. Traditional detection methods of cancer biomarkers include the use of FET biosensors for the detection of cancer biomarkers, especially gene, antigen, and protein characteristics. This review presents the latest strategies in FET applications in cancer biosensing and compares their advantages and disadvantages regarding sensing principle, configuration, and performance. Especially, FET biosensors for the detection of cancer biomarkers, which include antibodies, nucleic acids, proteins are highlighted. Mechanical and electrical properties of FET devices and their effect on performance is discussed. This review provides a guiding role in the design and development of FET-based biosensors.

Review—Systematic Review on Electrochemical Biosensing of Breast Cancer miRNAs to Develop Alternative DCIS Diagnostic Tool

“…have become an evolving alternative method due to their easy operating nature, on-site detection possibility, affordable instrumentation, smallness, and its robustness of developing point-of-care screening and diagnostic devices for the detection of BC biomarkers. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Nonetheless, the electrochemical detection of MCs which is composed of calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite cannot be a direct reliable diagnosis. Hence, to achieve sensitivity, specificity, improved test efficiency, shortened analytical time, decreased sampling volume, reduced cost and reliable diagnostic results it is highly preferable to quantify and determine the potential biomarkers responsible for the DCIS condition via liquid biopsy.…”

“…21 Nevertheless, most of the reports have been focussed on the BC biomarkers which have been recognized as metastatic BC biomarkers, which are found at stages I-IV. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Tumor Markers (EGTM) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guidelines for BC screening even though approved by FDA due sensitivity issues and the lacking confirmation for their significance in early-stage BC control. 22 Other significant DCIS biomarkers include microribonucleic acids (miRNAs), lipids, and the proteins p16, COX-2, Ki67, in addition to HER-2, estrogen and progesterone.…”

A Road Map toward Field‐Effect Transistor Biosensor Technology for Early Stage Cancer Detection

“…where g m , L, W, C, and V ds are the differential transconductance, active channel length, active channel width, gating capacitance, and source-drain voltage. [87] Next, the limit of detection or detection limit indicates the smallest solute quantity or concentration that can be recognized by the consistent reliability of the sensor output signal from the absence of that substance (control) (signal-to-noise ratio, SNR = 3). It is expressed in units of concentration.…”

Liquid-gated Field-effect-transistor Based on Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide for Sensing Neurotransmitter Acetylthiocholine

“…The field-effect transistors (FETs) have recently been utilized in bio-sensing applications due to their high sensitivity, miniaturization, and real-time capability [17][18][19][20]. In principle, field effect transistor is an electronic device in which the variation of applied electric field leads to changing the current across the semiconductor channel between two electrodes (source and drain).…”