An in-depth exploration of plant–soil interactions can improve our knowledge of the succession and evolution of forest ecosystems. To understand the coupling relationship between species diversity and soil physicochemical properties in natural secondary forests during the process of vegetation restoration, the species diversity of trees, shrubs and herbs and the physicochemical properties of soil at different depths were investigated in six forest communities in the Qinling Huoditang area over two years (2013 and 2019). The analysis indicated that the soil nutrient content in the region decreased during this period, but the plant diversity index showed no obvious change. Through RDA and regression analysis, we determined that the correlations between plant diversity and soil physicochemical properties were discrete. The tree and herb species diversity were most closely related to the surface soil, while shrub diversity was more strongly regulated by the middle soil layer. Available phosphorus had the strongest effect on trees, and the main factors affecting shrubs were NO3-N and NH4-N. Herb growth was more limited by soil physical properties such as the soil bulk density and porosity. We concluded that evident correlations exist between soil physicochemical properties and plant communities. After six years of natural restoration, the plant diversity index did not change significantly. However, the soil nutrient content decreased obviously. This study provides a reference for the management of vegetation restoration processes in forest ecosystems.
In the early years of reform and opening-up, Deng Xiaoping had foreseen the theme and development and peace of the 21 st Century. With the development of the times, although war still exists in today's world, worldwide national order, as well as professional and market order have become the core of development. In other words, peace has become the theme of the world, representing all people's aspiration for peace. The maintenance of a good social order is a prerequisite for the stable development and progress of the world, whose completion requires the assistance of a harmonious and beautiful social policy. At the same time, society needs innovative ways of governance to ensure that social policies can keep pace with the times. In short, there are subtle links between social governance, social policy and social order. This paper aims to explore their relationships.
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