Introduction Central nervous system (CNS) tumors account for around 1 to 2% of all neoplasms, commonest of them being gliomas. Gliomas constitute a large, heterogenous group of tumors known for a wide variation in clinical presentation, gross and microscopic features, and biologic behavior. Squash cytology can be a great asset in the intraoperative diagnosis of CNS pathology. In this article, we correlate it with the histopathology of gliomas. Method A prospective analytical study was conducted at the Department of Neuropathology, Super-Speciality Hospital, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, India. A total of 75 samples were collected for intraoperative squash cytology. The biopsy samples were collected subsequently after surgery for histopathological correlation. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of squash cytology. Results Of the total 75 patients clinically and radiologically suspected of having gliomas, 43 (57.33%) were males to give a male-to-female ratio of 1.34:1. The mean age at presentation was 36.50 ± 16.87 years. Right-sided tumors were more common. The most common location was the frontal lobe (46.66%). Concordance with squash cytology was found in 81.33% of cases. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of squash cytology in the diagnosis of gliomas were found to be 98.61, 66.66, and 97.33%, respectively. Conclusion Squash cytology is a rapid, inexpensive, and accurate diagnostic method for intraoperative diagnosis of gliomas that can guide the surgeon on the extent of tumor resection.
: Females over 20 years of age come frequently to gynecological clinics, with the complaint of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB). It has a direct impact on the physical and mental health of females. This research aims to detect the frequency of different uterine causes of AUB and determine the relationship between histopathological lesions associated with AUB and their age groups of presentation.: Endometrial biopsies / hysterectomy specimens were collected from 235 patients who presented with AUB to Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology SSMC, Rewa, M. P. (India), and HPE was carried out on all biopsies/specimens. Frequency of all findings was recorded and divided into organic and functional causes. Statistical analysis was done between histopathological lesions associated with AUB and their age groups of presentation.: Majority of cases (40%) belonged to 41-50 years of age. HPE revealed prolife rative pattern of endometrium, which was the most common presentation (24.68%) amongst functional causes, while the most common organic cause was uterine leiomyoma (12.76%). Cases of endometrial polyp and endometrial hyperplasia without atypia were found frequently in women of 41-50 years of age. The frequency of endometrial carcinoma was 1.27%, which commonly affected elderly females. : We conclude that AUB most commonly affects women in the perimenopausal age group. Histopathological study of uterine lesions aids the early diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions and thus saves the patient from having an unnecessary hysterectomy in premalignant lesions.
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