We calculate the electromagnetic (charge, magnetic and quadrupole) form factors and the associated static moments of heavy quarkonia (charmonia and bottomonia) using the Basis Light Front Quantization (BLFQ) approach. For this work, we adopt light front wavefunctions (LFWFs) generated by a holographic QCD confining potential and a one-gluon exchange interaction with fixed coupling. We compare our BLFQ results with the limiting case of a single BLFQ basis state description of heavy quarkonia and with other available results. These comparisons provide insights into relativistic effects. Using the same LFWFs generated in the BLFQ approach, we also present the generalized parton distributions (GPDs) for selected mesons including those for radially excited mesons such as ψ and Υ . Our GPD results establish the foundation within BLFQ for further investigating hadronic structure such as probing the spin structure of spin-one hadrons in the off-forward limit. I. INTRODUCTIONExploring the electromagnetic (EM) properties of spin-one hadrons has been of great interest because it provides insight into the spin-sensitive structure and the internal dynamics of the hadrons. In particular, hadronic form factors (FFs) serve as one important tool to understand the structure of bound states in quantum chromodynamics (QCD).The numerous investigations on the structure of the spin-zero and spin-one hadrons that include FFs in different formalisms [1-24] provide a window for understanding hadronic structure at low and medium momentum transfer.The investigations with relativistic approaches [1,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][20][21][22][23][24] have presented results for FFs, decay constants and the distribution amplitudes of spin-zero and spin-one bound-state systems such as the pion (π), kaon (K), rho meson (ρ) and J/ψ meson adopting different light front (LF) models. Note a recent investigation [23] has shown the FFs of (pseudo) scalar mesons calculated in a general frame. That work has also pointed out the differences among the results calculated in the various frames including the Drell-Yan frame.Despite these numerous studies and growing interests, there is little consensus on how to obtain static moments such as the quadrupole moments on the LF. Furthermore, investigations on the EM FFs and the associated static moments of radially excited vector mesons such as ψ and Υ are rare to the best of our knowledge [14,15]. It is *
Several possibilities to relate the t-dependence of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) to the distribution of angular momentum in the transverse plane are discussed. Using a simple spectator model we demonstrate that non of them correctly describes the orbital angular momentum distribution that for a longitudinally polarized nucleon obtained directly from light-front wavefunctions.
We calculate the elastic form factors and the Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) for four low-lying bound states of a demonstration fermion-antifermion system, strong coupling positronium (eē), using Basis Light-Front Quantization (BLFQ). Using this approach, we also calculate the impact-parameter dependent GPDs q(x, b ⊥ ) to visualize the fermion density in the transverse plane ( b ⊥ ). We compare selected results with corresponding quantities in the non-relativistic limit to reveal relativistic effects. Our results establish the foundation within BLFQ for investigating the form factors and the GPDs for hadronic systems.
Quantitative calculations of the properties of hadrons and nuclei, with assessed uncertainties, have emerged as competitive with experimental measurements in a number of major cases. We may well be entering an era where theoretical predictions are critical for experimental progress. Crossfertilization between the fields of relativistic hadronic structure and non-relativistic nuclear structure is readily apparent. Non-perturbative renormalization methods such as Similarity Renormalization Group and Okubo-Lee-Suzuki schemes as well as many-body methods such as Coupled Cluster, Configuration Interaction and Lattice Simulation methods are now employed and advancing in both major areas of physics. New algorithms to apply these approaches on supercomputers are shared among these areas of physics. The roads to success have intertwined with each community taking the lead at various times in the recent past. I briefly sketch these fascinating paths and comment on some symbiotic relationships. I also overview some recent results from the Hamiltonian Basis Light-Front Quantization approach.
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