IntroductionMetabolic syndrome comprises a set of metabolic risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Zinc plays an essential role in numerous enzyme functions that may be associated with metabolic dysfunctions. The relationship between serum zinc levels and metabolic syndrome in adolescents has not been specifically studied. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the relationship between serum zinc levels and metabolic syndrome in Iranian children and adolescents.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study was performed using data collected in the CASPIAN-V study. In this project, data were collected using interviews, examinations, biochemical assessments, anthropometric studies, and the nutritional status of participants. The variables considered in this study included serum zinc levels, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), fasting blood sugar, height, weight, abdominal circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.ResultsA total of 1371 participants were included in this study, with a mean age of 12.24 ± 3.23 years. In total, 12.40% (n = 170) of the study population had metabolic syndrome, of which 55.7% were boys and 44.3% were girls. Mean zinc levels (μg/dL) in patients with and without metabolic syndrome were 107.03 and 110.6, respectively (p-value = 0.211) and 111.8 for boys and 109.10 for girls (p-value = 0.677).ConclusionThis cross-sectional study showed no association between serum zinc levels and metabolic syndrome in children. Further similar studies and cohort studies with large sample sizes are needed to reveal the exact relationship between serum zinc levels and metabolic syndrome.

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Background: Quantification of the attributed effects of air pollution determines the impact of air pollutants on the community and shows the critical condition of air quality. This study aimed to quantify and estimate the cardiovascular and respiratory diseases attributed to PM10 in Urmia during 2011-2016.Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, at first, hourly data of pollutant PM10 concentrations were received from air pollutants station located in the Department of Environmental Protection. The data were evaluated using AirQ2.2.3 software after primary and secondary processes and filtering.Results: The results showed that the mean annual concentration of

BackgroundPrevalence and subsequent conditions of childhood and adolescent obesity are increasing. It has been seen that obesity in youth is associated with adulthood cancer. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled association of childhood obesity with cancers in adulthood.MethodsIn this systematic review, international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched using relevant keywords until February 2022. All Cohort studies assessing the association of childhood and adolescent obesity (under 18 years old) with the incidence and mortality of all types of cancers were included. Two independent reviewers screened and carried out the quality assessment of included studies. Between-studies heterogeneity was assessed using the I squared and Cochran’s Q tests. Random/fixed-effect meta-analyses were used to pool the appropriate effect sizes (Hazard ratios (HR)).ResultsOverall, 46 studies were found to be relevant and were included in this study. Based on the random-effects model meta-analysis, childhood obesity increased the hazard of cancer incidence and mortality in adulthood by 33% (HR: 1.33, 95%CI (1.25, 1.41)) and by 28% (HR: 1.28, 95%CI (1.13, 1.42)), respectively. In the subgroups meta-analysis, the HR of childhood obesity and adulthood cancer incidence mortality in women was higher than in men (HR=1.39, 95%CI (1.25, 1.53) vs HR= 1.20, 95%CI (1.07, 1.32)) and (HR= 1.40, 95%CI (1.10, 1.69) vs HR=1.20, 95%CI (1.04, 1.36)) respectively.ConclusionThis study found that obesity in childhood and adolescence is associated with a significant increase in the incidence and mortality of cancers in adulthood. Prevention of childhood obesity, in addition to its short-term beneficial effects, can reduce the burden of cancer in adulthood. The data sets of this study are present in the Tables of the current manuscript. Moreover this study was registered online in PROSPERO (registration code: CRD42022331958).Systemic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/Prospero/, identifier CRD42022331958.