Background Different countries have set different policies to control and decrease the costs of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Iran was aiming to reduce the economic burden of different disease by a recent reform from named as health transformation plan (HTP). This study aimed to examine the economic burden of CVDs before and after of HTP. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 patients with CVDs, who were randomly selected from a specialized cardiovascular hospital in the north-west of Iran. Direct and indirect costs of CVDs were calculated using the cost of illness and human capital approaches. Data were collected using a researcher-made checklist obtained from several sources including structured interviews, the Statistical Center of Iran, Iran’s Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare, the central bank of Iran, and the data of global burden of disease obtained from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to estimate direct and mortality costs. All costs were calculated in Iranian Rials (IRR). Results Total costs of CVDs were about 5571 and 6700 billion IRR before and after the HTP, respectively. More than 62% of the total costs of CVDs accounted for premature death before (64.89%) and after (62.01%) the HTP. The total hospitalization costs of CVDs was significantly increased after the HTP (p = 0.038). In both times, surgical services and visiting had the highest and lowest share of hospitalization costs, respectively. The OOP expenditure decreased significantly and reached from 54.2 to 36.7%. All hospitalization costs, except patients’ OOP expenditure, were significantly increased after the HTP about 1.3 times. Direct non-medical costs reached from 2.4 to 3.3 billion before and after the HTP, respectively. Conclusion Economic burden of CVDs increased in the north-west of Iran after the HTP due to the increase of all direct and indirect costs, except the OOP expenditure. Non-allocation of defined resources, which coincided with the international and national political and economic challenges in Iran, led to unsustainable resources of the HTP. So, no results of this study can be attributed solely to the HTP. Therefore, more detailed studies should be carried out on the reasons for the significant increase in CVDs costs in the region.
Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and affects the optic nerves. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge rate of Ardabil city people about multiple sclerosis. Methods: This study is a descriptive analytical study that has been done on 150 people of Ardabil which selected randomly from all over the city based on geographical location. Data gathered by a questionnaire include two section characterized and knowledge questions. Collected data analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS.16 using tables, charts and statistical indexes. Results: The study population aged between 20-65 years with a mean age of 32/34 years. 48/7% of participants were female and 51/3% men. Approximately 25/3% of Participants in this study had good knowledge about MS and other have moderate level and lower rate of knowledge. Most of people get their information through TV and radio programs about MS (46/2%). Conclusions: Results showed that the knowledge rate of people about MS was in moderate and lower levels. So, present educational programs and increasing knowledge rate of people about MS by TV and radio programs is necessary.
Background Heart‐type Fatty Acid‐Binding Protein (H‐FABP) has been used in the diagnosis of myocardial damage. In this study, we assessed the relationships between serum H‐FABP as a marker of cardiac injury and right ventricle (RV) echocardiographic indices in patients with stable COPD. Materials and methods In this case‐control study, 84 participants were investigated (50 COPD patients and 34 healthy subjects). After obtaining consent, 3 mL of fasting whole blood sample was collected from each of the participants to test their serum H‐FABP. Echocardiography was performed on all participants by cardiologists. Results Serum H‐FABP was found to be significantly correlated with smoking history (P < 0.01), Systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure (S‐PAP), RV Wall Thickness (RV‐WT), and Tricuspid annulus posts systolic excursion (TAPSE) (P < 0.01 for all). RV Basal Diameter (RV‐BD), RV Mid Diameter (RV‐MD), and Fractional area change percentage (FAC%) were not observed to have any correlation with serum H‐FABP. Also, the comparative analysis showed statistically significant differences between mean RV‐MD (P < 0.001), RV‐BD, FAC%, S‐PAP, RV‐WT (P < 0.001), and TAPSE (P < 0.05) of patients at different GOLD stages. There was a significant correlation between the adjusted serum level of H‐FABP and the airflow limitation based on FEV1 (P < 0.001). Conclusion The correlation between serum H‐FABP and RV echocardiographic indices such as S‐PAP, RV‐WT, and TAPSE, can be related to RV function in COPD patients. Moreover, RV echocardiographic indices are significantly correlated with the severity of COPD as classified in various GOLD stages.
Background: The mortality rate of patients with this disease is approximately 30%. Re-opening of blocked coronary artery is important because of decreasing mortality and improves quality of life in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Now there are various methods for opening coronary artery, including the use of thrombolytic drugs and PCI. Due to the fact that PCI is a critical treatment for cardiovascular patients yet it has dangerous complications during and after it too. Some of these complications include vascular dissection, and thrombosis and ischemic sudden blockage. By reducing the side effects of this treatment, it can be safe and reliable construction. To determine the effect of Omega 3 in the prevention of myocardial injury induced by coronary interventional procedures by reducing levels of CK-MB and Troponin I is our objective. Methods: Among those who were randomly going for elective PCI, we selected 100 patients and divided into 2 groups of 50 persons. In Group A, 12 hours before PCI, approximately 3 grams of omega-3, with routine medications before PCI include Aspirin and Plavix were given. In Group B, 12 hours before PCI placebo in combination with routine medication before were given and PCI was performed, then the CK-MB and Troponin I in the 2 groups was measured and compared to each other and against the values before performing PCI were measured. Results: The results that were obtained, show that levels of CK-MB and Troponin I raise after PCI in Group A lower than Group B. Conclusions: Results confirmed the effect of omega 3 in the prevention of myocardial damage caused by PCI, so we can use omega 3 for reducing PCI complications.
BackgroundDifferent countries have set different policies to control and decrease the costs of Cardiovascular Diseases(CVDs). Iran aiming reducing the economic burden of different disease by a recent reform from named as health transformation plan(HTP). This study aimed to examine economic burden of CVDs before and after of HTP, MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 patients with CVDs, who were randomly selected from a specialized cardiovascular hospital in the north-west of Iran. Direct and indirect costs of CVDs were calculated using cost of illness and human capital approaches. Data were collected using a researcher-made checklist obtained from several sources including structured interviews, the Statistical Center of Iran, Iran's Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare, central bank of the Iran, and the data of global burden of disease obtained from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to estimate direct and mortality costs. All costs were calculated in Iranian Rials(IRR). ResultsTotal costs of CVDs were about 5571 and 6700 billion IRR before and after the HTP, respectively. More than 62% of the total costs of CVDs accounted for premature death before (64.89%) and after(62.01%) the HTP. The total hospitalization costs of CVDs was significantly increased after the HTP (p=0.038). In both times, surgical services and visiting had the highest and lowest share of hospitalization costs, respectively. The OOP expenditure decreased significantly and reached from 54.2% to 36.7%. All hospitalization costs, except patients' OOP expenditure, were significantly increased after the HTP about 1.3 times. Direct non-medical costs reached from 2.4 to 3.3 billion before and after the HTP, respectively. ConclusionThe economic burden of CVDs after the HTP increased in the north-west of Iran due to the increase of all direct and indirect costs, except the OOP expenditure. Non-allocation of defined resources, which coincided with the international and national political and economic challenges in Iran, led to
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