BackgroundPrimary dysmenorrhea is a common and sometimes disabling condition. In recent years, some studies aimed to improve the treatment of dysmenorrhea, and therefore, introduced several therapeutic measures. This study was designed to compare the analgesic effect of iron chip containing heat wrap with ibuprofen for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.MethodsIn this randomized (IRCT201107187038N2) controlled trial, 147 students (18–30 years old) with the diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea were enrolled considering the CONSORT guideline. Screening for primary dysmenorrhea was done by a two-question screening tool. The participants were randomly assigned into one of the intervention groups (heat Patch and ibuprofen). Data regarding the severity and emotional impact of the pain were recorded by a shortened version of McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ). Student's t test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe maximum and minimum pain severities were observed at 2 and 24 hours in both groups. The severity of sensual pain at 8, 12, and 24 hours was non-significantly less in the heat Patch group. There was also no significant difference between the groups regarding the emotional impact of pain at the first 2, 4, 8, 12 and 12 hours of menstruation.ConclusionsHeat patch containing Iron chip has comparable analgesic effects to ibuprofen and can possibly be used for primary dysmenorrhea.Trial registrationIRCT201107187038N2

Background:Health promotion is an essential strategy for reduction of health disparities. Health promotion includes all activities that encourage optimum physical, spiritual, and mental functions. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a Health Promotion Program (HPP) on behavior in terms of the dimensions of the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) in patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG).Methods and Materials:In this clinical trial study, 80 patients who had undergone CABG surgery (2011-2012) were selected and randomly divided in two groups: Experimental and Control that investigated by (HPLP II). Then the experimental group was educated about diet, walking and stress management. The program process was followed up for three months and after tward whole variables were investigated again. The overall score and the scores for the six dimensions of the HPLP (self actualization, health responsibility, exercise, nutrition, interpersonal support and stress management) were measured in the pre- and post-test periods. Data were manually entered into SPSS version 21(IBM Corp, USA) by one the authors. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test and paired t-test. Mean standard deviation and standard error of the mean (with 95% Confidence Interval) were generated for each item.Results:Results showed that score of stress management (p=.036), diet (p=.002), Spiritual Growth (p=.001) and interrelationship (p=002) increase in experimental group after intervention. Average scores after three months in the control group had no significant changes; except responsibility for health (p<.05). Results of the study revealed that comparison the scores of the experimental group were significantly different from the control group in all lifestyle aspects except for spiritual growth.Conclusion:This study showed that HPP on lifestyle and health promotion in patients who suffered from Coronary Heart Disease (CAD) could improve the patient’s awareness of healthy behaviors and well-being in the quality of life.

BackgroundInterprofessional education is considered as one of the approaches in educating learners in the health system that increases interprofessional collaboration and improves the quality of patient care.PurposeThis study sought to design an interprofessional continuing education model.MethodsThis study was conducted in three stages. In the first stage, a systematic review of literature and search of databases were conducted to identify the common models of interprofessional continuing education and to extract the elements used in these models. In the second stage, specialists in interprofessional continuing education were interviewed in relation to the features of elements derived from the first stage. In the third stage, the model of interprofessional continuing education was designed using the results of the first and second stages.ResultsSeven models were obtained. Five themes, including the subject of interprofessional continuing education, objectives, content, learning strategy, and evaluation strategies, were extracted from them. Specialists stated interprofessional collaboration, needs of community and learners, focus on patient, using interactive teaching methods, and feedback as the main features of these five themes.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that providing a framework and model regulated in interprofessional continuing education programs can help design these programs.

Background & Aim: Nurses are one the important groups in patients" recovery and safety and have an important role in the reduction of their mortality. The aim of the study was to identify nurses" perceptions of patient safety culture in Mazandaran"s hospitals. Material & Methods: It was a descriptive correlational study which has been done in a two month period in the hospitals of Tonekabon, Chaloos, and Ramsar. The sample was recruited by census (n= 456). Data was collected by Persian version of HSOPS, developed by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) that measures 12 dimensions of patient safety culture, and analysed by descriptive statistics and t-test, one way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS-PC (v. 16). Results: Amongst the 12 dimensions of AHRQ, the nurses assigned the highest score to "team work within units" (4/02 ± 0/98) and "Organizational learning-continuous development" (4/06± 0/75). They assigned the least score to "Staff" (2/39±1/11) and "non-punitive response to error" (2/53±0/98). Nurses (%53/7) reported 1-2 errors during the last year. There were significant negative correlations between the dimension of "team work within units", age, and years of experience (P< 0/05). Conclusion: It seems the patient safety culture requires some modifications to be able to create a safer clinical environment. It is suggested that punitive culture be replaced with non-punitive culture so that health care staff share their clinical errors.