In this research V 4 AlC 3 based composites were synthesized by reactive spark plasma sintering (RSPS) method. V 2 O 5 :Al:C starting materials with molar ratios of 1:6:1.5 and 1:7:1.5 were heat treated at 1400 °C. Final composition, microstructural, physical, mechanical and tribological properties of the prepared composites were compared. The X-ray diffraction analysis results showed that the formation of V 4 AlC 3 as main phase alongside Al 2 O 3 and V 2 AlC by-products. Increasing the Al content from 6 moles to 7 moles led to formation of VC 0.845 and Al 2 O 3 main phases as well as V 4 AlC 3 and V 2 AlC minor phases in this sample due to extraction of Al from die during RSPS operation. Microstructural studies revealed that the uniform distribution of the phases with low amount of porosities. The layered microstructure of the composites confirmed the formation of MAX phases. Higher bending strength and is achieved for the synthesized composite prepared by 7 moles Al (490 ± 5 MPa) than the composite prepared with 6 moles Al (375 ± 11 MPa). The composite prepared with 7 moles Al also exhibited lower wear rate (3.7 × 10 − 5 mm 3 /Nm) than that of prepared with 6 moles Al (2.4 × 10 − 4 mm 3 /Nm). Microstructural studies of the worn surfaces indicated that tribo oxidation is dominant mechanism for both fabricated composites.
A 2:1:1 MAX phase, V2AlC, composited with Al2O3 is prepared using spark plasma sintering (SPS). To obtain a sample with suitable physical and mechanical properties, an especial current rate regime is carried out for SPS. Different final temperatures of the synthesis (1000, 1200, 1400, and 1500°C) are considered (named S1000, S1200, S1400, and S1500, respectively). Phase analysis, physical and mechanical properties characterizations, and morphology of the samples are performed to determine the quality of the samples. The best characterizations belong to the samples of S1400 and S1500. Bending strengths about 325 and 316 MPa are obtained for the samples of S1400 and S1500, respectively. Regarding the total MAX phases formation and strength, the optimum sample is S1400. However, regarding bulk density, wear resistance, and hardness, S1500 has an advantage over the S1400. The advantages of S1500, as well as its larger grain size, are attributed to the better sintering of Al2O3.
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